Non-Destructive In-Situ Study of White and Black Coating on Painted Pottery Sherds From Bancun Site (Henan,China) by Raman Microscopy

Abstract

Pottery sherds from the archaeological site of Bancun (Henan, China) were analyzed by Raman microscopy and the pigments used in the coating of this ancient (c. 4000–5000 BC) pottery were determined. It was found that bauxite was used to make the white pigment. The black coating was identified as a magnetite and its particle size was in the nanometer range. This work also showed that the size of pigment had influence on the color of the coating. In principle, Raman spectra could be used not only to identify the mineral source of the pigment but also to estimate the particle size of the pigments.     

平遥古城持续发展的文化经济策略分新

分析了平遥古城保护和旅游发展现状，论述了平遥古城文化结构，探讨了平遥古城持续发展的文化经济策略。     

关于中国古代文学史编写的几点思考

我国文学史的编写存在不少问题：一是在文学理念、缟写模式和文体分类上受西方影响太大，而顾度中国文学的实际不够；二是客观叙述不够，议论、阐释、评析太多，未尽可能地还原中国文学的历史面貌；三是在元、明、清文学的璃排上反映出明显的重小说、戏曲，轻诗、文、词、赋的倾向，背离了元、明、清文学仍以诗文为主体的基本事实。     

关于《古汉语常用字字典》第4版的修订

《古汉语常用字字典》1979年由商务印书馆出版，是由我国著名语言学家王力教授为首的一批古汉语专家、学者编写的，是新中国成立后第一部用现代语言学和辞书学观点、方法编写的古汉语字典，在汉语辞书史上有重要的、里程碑式的意义。此外，这部字典对于我国大、中学生和其他中等文化程度及以上读者学习古代汉语、提高文化素质等，都起到了积极的作用。2005年，商务印书馆出版了这部字典的增订版第4版。本文介绍了这一版的修订情况。     

Molecular emission cavity analysis13-a new flame analytical technique : Part II.The determination of selenium and tellurium

The determination of 0.4–4 μg of selenium by molecular emission cavity analysis is described. Selenium in organic compounds is determined after oxygen flask combustion. Metal ion interferences are eliminated by reduction of selenium to the element, filtration onto a glass-fibre paper, and direct incorporation of the filter into the cavity. Applications to the determination of selenium in inorganic and organic compounds are described. The determination of μg-amounts of tellurium is also outlined.     

“重构”与“重走”——从普洱“茶马古道”文化品牌的打造谈起

文章主要谈了对＂茶马古道＂文化品牌打造的两点深刻感受：＂重构＂与＂重走＂,以期对打造＂百越古道＂文化品牌提供借鉴。     

Ancient shrinking spherical interfaces in the Allen–Cahn flow

We consider the parabolic Allen–Cahn equation in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$, $n\ge 2$,

$u_t=\mathrm{\Delta }u+(1?u^2)u\text{ in }{\mathbb{R}}^n\times (?\infty ,0].$

We construct an ancient radially symmetric solution $u(x,t)$ with any given number k of transition layers between ?1 and +1. At main order they consist of k time-traveling copies of w with spherical interfaces distant $O(\log ?|t|)$ one to each other as $t\to ?\infty$. These interfaces are resemble at main order copies of the shrinking sphere ancient solution to mean the flow by mean curvature of surfaces: $|x|=\sqrt{?2(n?1)t}$. More precisely, if $w(s)$ denotes the heteroclinic 1-dimensional solution of $w^{″}+(1?w^2)w=0$$w(\pm \infty )=\pm 1$ given by $w(s)=\tanh ?\left(\frac{s}{\sqrt{2}}\right)$ we have

$u(x,t)\approx \sum _{j=1}^k{(?1)}^{j?1}w(|x|?{\rho }_j(t))?\frac{1}{2}(1+{(?1)}^k)\text{ as }t\to ?\infty$

where

${\rho }_j(t)=\sqrt{?2(n?1)t}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(j?\frac{k+1}{2})\log ?\left(\frac{|t|}{\log ?|t|}\right)+O(1),j=1,\dots ,k.$

     

中国古代髹漆工艺

叙述中国元代以前漆器的发现与发展概况,介绍中国古代漆器制作的主要工艺．     

Starch grain evidence reveals early pottery function cooking plant foods in North China

Early pottery sherds excavated in northern China date back to more than 11,000 cal a BP, and are presumed to have been used as cooking vessels. There has been, however, no direct evidence to demonstrate this function. Here we report ancient starch grains recovered from carbonized residues adhering to the bases of flat- bottomed vessels excavated from the Zhuannian site dating more than 10,000 cal a BP in the North China Plain. This evidence demonstrates that early pottery was being used to cook cereal grains, particularly millets, and acorns. Because millets were in the process of domestication at thistime, we propose that pottery invention in northern China may have been related to early farming activities.     

从环境考古角度对古居巢国的蠡测

巢国(又称居巢)是殷周时期的重要方国之一.春秋战国时,它是吴、楚两国相互争夺的一个小国,先是归服于楚,后为吴所灭,汉朝后则鲜见典籍.后人在从历史文献考察这一古国的都城时,对它的消失始终有一些难解之谜.近年唐家嘴遗址的发现,重新引发对这一问题的讨论.通过对唐家嘴遗址文化层含碳较高的中间层位14C测年,距今年代2090±130aBP.结合文化层考虑,大约终止在1800年前的这个遗址,似乎可以与历史记载赤乌二年(A.D.239年)发生的"陷巢州"相合.本文以历史文献为根据,以环境考古理论为指导,初步划定古居巢国都城的大体位置及其功能、规模与等级,探讨唐家嘴汉代遗址与古居巢国都城之间的关系,反思人类活动对巢湖环境变迁的影响.