中国医学史与技术史中的父权制意蕴--评《性别视角中的中国古代科学技术》

通过介绍费侠莉、白馥兰对中国古代妇科医学史和技术史的研究，刘兵、章梅芳合著的《性别视角中的中国古代科学技术》展示了女性主义科学编史学视角对中国古代科技史研究的价值。费侠莉通过对中医妇科在宋明之际发展的研究，白馥兰通过对房屋建筑、纺织技术、生育技术的历史研究，分别揭示了中医妇科和日常技术实践的父权制意蕴。该书展现了性别视角与人类学视角、反辉格和后殖民主义视角的联系，而女性主义科学编史学与传统的实证主义编史学的根本区别还在于所持的科学技术观的差异。     

从"贝"字看中国古代社会经济

汉字形体包蕴着古代社会与古代文化的丰富内涵。本文从“贝”字及以“贝”为偏旁的字中探索从中反映出来的古代社会的一些经济现象,说明我们可以借助文字来了解、考察历史,追溯中国古代的历史文化踪迹。     

北京方庄地下古船的发现及其埋藏环境的研究

方在古船是北京地区发现的第一般古船实物，船板的￣（１４）Ｃ年代为距今２２０５±７０年，埋藏地层中树木的￣（１４）Ｃ年代为距今１７３７±８６年。通过对船址所在地区的调查、地层剖面的详细观察测量和对沉积物样品的分析，结合历史文献的考证，认为方在古船址区是东汉时期古高梁河的流经之地。沉积特征表明该河河型为弯曲型河流。以后由于气候变干，加之上游人工改造和河道东移，导致该河流从本区消失。方庄古船的发现首次证实了东汉时期古高梁河向城南流出的确切位置，为永定河全新世的演化提供了新的证据。     

圩墩遗址古木研究

通过对圩墩遗址出土古木１５个树种的鉴定，确定五，六千年前圩墩存在过落叶－常绿阔叶混交林带。该林带是温带针，阔叶混交林带与亚热带常绿阔叶林带之间的过渡区，属温暖，湿润的亚热带植被类型。落叶阔叶树有壳斗科的麻栋和槲栎类，金缕梅科的枫香，漆树科的黄连木及豆的黄檀等树种。常绿阔叶树有茶科的荷木，豆科的红豆树及木犀科的蜡树等树种。     

古希腊与中国春秋战国科技发展的比较研究

本文从社会政治环境、学术渊源、思维方式、科学方法论等方面，对古希腊和中国春秋战国两个科技发展高峰，作了对比分析；并阐述了它们对后世科技发展的影响。     

Investigation of Contemporary Forgeries of Ancient Silver Coins

Four ancient Roman silver coins from about 200 BC to 200 AD, mainly contemporary forgeries, were investigated in order to deduce the methods and materials used in the production of the forged coins. Special attention was devoted to a Denar from the Roman Republic, a C. Mamilius Limetanus denarius serratus (approx. 82 BC), because an original coin (pure silver) as well as a forgery were available. These coins both show serrated edges, i.e. notches all around with irregular spacing. A combination of microbeam analytical techniques was applied: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Some of the counterfeits consist of a base metal core plated with silver. The serrated Denar exhibits a plating layer with a thickness of approx. 100µm as determined by SEM and SIMS. This is an indication for foil silvering, as well as the apparent overlapping of the outer layer in one particular area.     

Integrated analytical techniques for the study of ancient Greek polychromy

The materials used in the decoration of three painted astragaloi (knucklebones) from the Koroneia cave (Greece) were investigated by means of sequential application of non-destructive and destructive techniques: optical microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray microanalysis (ESEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with micro-attenuated total reflection (μ-ATR) technique, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV-fluorescence and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used.The main results highlighted that the three astragaloi were prepared with a ground of ochre or iron clay and painted with a proteinaceous matter such as binder egg tempera. Both FTIR and GC-MS agree in the detection of lipids that can be related to egg. Organic dyestuffs identified as madder lake and shellfish purple were used together with inorganic pigments.     

Microwave-assisted versus conventional decomposition procedures applied to a ceramic potsherd standard reference material by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is a powerful, sensitive analytical technique with numerous applications in chemical characterization including that of ancient pottery, mainly due to its multi-element character, and the relatively short time required for the analysis. A critical step in characterization studies of ancient pottery is the selection of a suitable decomposition procedure for the ceramic matrix. The current work presents the results of a comparative study of six decomposition procedures applied on a standard ceramic potsherd reference material, SARM 69. The investigated decomposition procedures included three microwave-assisted decomposition procedures, one wet decomposition (WD) procedure by conventional heating, one combined microwave-assisted and conventional heating WD procedure, and one fusion procedure. Chemical analysis was carried out by ICP-AES. Five major (Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg), three minor (Mn, Ba, Ti) and two trace (Cu, Co) elements were determined and compared with their certified values. Quantitation was performed at two different spectral lines for each element and multi-element matrix-matched calibration standards were used. The recovery values for the six decomposition procedures ranged between 75 and 110% with a few notable exceptions. Data were processed statistically in order to evaluate the investigated decomposition procedures in terms of recovery, accuracy and precision, and eventually select the most appropriate one for ancient pottery analysis.     

论晚期希腊哲学在西方哲学中的价值

从对古希腊哲学发展历程和西方哲学传统与基本精神的分析入手,晚期希腊哲学是有其合理性和积极价值的。它的价值在西方哲学外部表现为:开启了其后继者罗马人的思辨之路、丰富和扩展了它的文明,进而奠定了整个欧洲文明的走向,并在文明传播和扩展的过程中开了东西方哲学和文明交流之先河。而就西方哲学本身的发展而言,它在哲学精神、思维方式和研究方法上也深深影响了西方哲学的发展与走向。     

印度尼西亚西爪哇内格拉萨金矿区古成矿流体研究

通过对比研究各种类型矿石的化学组分、矿物共生组合、围岩蚀变特征,以及包体测温数据,初步认为金在古成矿流体在中低温、低氧逸度、pH值接近中性的物理化学环境中,以硫氢络合物(Au(HS))的形式迁移。流体物理化学环境的骤变是引起矿质元素沉淀的内因;而诱发物理化学环境改变的主要外界因素是流体的沸腾作用和硫化作用。基于研究区的大地构造背景、区域成矿带及矿区地质特征,提出"本区矿床属于火山-次火山杂岩成矿体系,相应的热液系统为与火山-次火山杂岩有关的岩浆-大气降水热液系统"的假设,并利用该假设解释本区矿床的成因。