苏轼--词体的最初终结者

苏轼是词坛上贡献至伟的一位重要人物，然而，就其创作实践产生的流弊来看，他又算得上词体终结的初始者。他的以诗为词，最终导致了词体特点的丧失；他的不协音律，导致了词与音乐关系的疏远，并最终使词丧失了和音乐结合的条件；还有他追求雅化的倾向，又造成了后人变本加厉地去求博求雅，以至于词体让人难以看慢。让词成为少数文人雅士把玩的工艺品，并使最终走向枯萎、衰亡。     

气质之别与性情之辨--祝允明、文徵明比较

同为明代中期吴门书派重要代表的两位书家祝允明、文徵明、其各自师法古人，风格内涵以及气质性情却有着重要区别，一者“见过于师”，一者“随人脚踵”，致使其书风-离奇，-温雅，从其书外之诗的比较上，亦存在性情之辨。这对书坛后学应是一个不小的启示。     

Control of the pulse duration in one- and two-axis passively Q-switched solid-state lasers

We study theoretically and experimentally different methods to control the pulses emitted by solid-state lasers passively Q-switched by a saturable absorber. We explore one- and two-axis laser schemes allowing to control the pulse duration, which is ruled by the saturation powers of the transitions in the absorber and in the gain medium. In one-axis lasers, it is shown that the adjustment of the pump and laser beam sizes in the active medium and in the absorber provides an efficient means to control the pulse temporal shape and duration. Furthermore, a two-axis laser cavity supporting so-called forked-eigenstate operation permits to freely adjust the parts of the mode power which circulate in the gain medium and in the absorber. In this case, a lengthening of the pulse duration up to 500 ns is obtained with an increase of the average output power. The theoretical results obtained by using rate equations adapted to each cavity geometry are in close agreement with experiments performed on a diode-pumped Nd³⁺:YAG laser Q-switched by a Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber. The relevance of the different techniques to control the pulse durations in the framework of potential applications is discussed. Received 3 December 2001     

菠菜PSII核心复合物激发能传递与温度的关系

采用基于延时分次扫描单光子计数器为探测装置的皮秒时间分辨荧光光谱测试系统研究了菠菜光系统(PSⅡ)核心复合物光能传递与温度的关系.分别对PSII核心复合物样品在20℃、42℃、48℃下做温浴处理,然后以脉宽为120 ps,重复率为4MHz,波长为514nm的Ar+激光作为光源分别激发处理后样品的荧光.通过对测量结果进行数据处理,分析比较发现:同一温度下,呈荧光带的激发能传递速度比副荧光带处的快;同一波长下,慢组分的时间常量随温度升高而变慢,而快速组分的时间常数则变化不大;做42℃温浴处理的样品接近于蛋白质解体的临界状态.     

多溴二苯醚取代特征对其芳香烃受体结合能力的效应分析

以已知18种多溴二苯醚（polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs）芳香烃受体结合能力实验值为因变量,构建基于取代基参数的PBDEs芳香烃受体结合能力定量构效关系模型以补足PBDEs芳香烃受体结合能力值,借助全析因实验的分析方法研究不同取代位置对PBDEs芳香烃受体结合能力的主效应及二阶交互效应,并分别从总取代基数、两苯环取代相似性、同一苯环取代基分布性综合研究PBDEs取代特征对芳香烃受体结合能力的影响规律.研究表明： PBDEs芳香烃受体结合能力受各取代位置主效应和二阶交互效应的显著影响,邻位取代基可显著降低PBDEs芳香烃受体结合能力,对位取代基则显著增强,间位取代基主效应较弱,主要通过与邻对位取代基间的二阶交互效应影响PBDEs芳香烃受体结合能力;总取代基数、两苯环取代相似性与PBDEs芳香烃受体结合能力无显著相关性,而同一苯环上取代基间分散性越大,同系物芳香烃受体结合能力越小.     

王夫之礼以化民成俗与乐以移易性情的礼乐教化思想

王夫之有着深厚的礼乐教化理念,在道德文明的教化方面他力主返本：即以礼乐教化为本,认为礼乐之教不立则无以移民之志。具体言之,礼教能化民成俗之大、以礼约民则莫之禁而自禁;乐教以移易人之性情。因之,立礼乐为教之本则推广无难。王夫之以礼乐之教为本,实现了道德教化的返本与开新。     

Lattice dynamics properties of zinc-blende and Nickel arsenide phases of AlP

Ab initio calculations, based on norm-conserving non-local pseudopotentials and the density functional theory (DFT), have been performed to investigate the behaviour under hydrostatic pressure of the structural, electronic, elastic and dynamical properties of AlP, in both zinc-blende and nickel arsenide phases. Our calculated structural and electronic properties are in good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental results. The phonon dispersion curves, the elastic constants, Born effective charge, etc., were calculated with the local density approximation and the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). Our results in the pressure behaviour of the elastic and dynamical properties of both phases are in agreement with the experimental data when available, in other case they can be considered as predictions.     

Ab Initio Study of Structural and Electronic Properties of Sodium Bromide

The structural and electronic properties of sodium bromide （NaBr） are investigated by the density functional theory （DFT） within the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） for the exchange and correlation energy. The equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are obtained by fitting the calculated total energy to the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The band structure along the higher symmetry axes in the Brillouin zone, the density of states （DOS） and the partial density of states （PDOS） are presented. The results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental and theoretical data.     

Strain Rate Sensitivities of Face-Centred-Cubic Metals Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

We use dislocation theory and molecular dynamics （MD） simulations to investigate the effect of atom properties on the macroscopic strain rate sensitivity of f cc metals. A method to analyse such effect is proposed. The stress dependence of dislocation velocity is identified as the key of such study and is obtained via 2-D MD simulations on the motion of an individual dislocation in an fcc metal. Combining the simulation results with Orowan＇s relationship, it is concluded that strain rate sensitivities of fcc metals are mainly dependent on their atomic mass rather than the interatomic potential. The order of strain rate sensitivities of five fcc metals obtained by analysing is consistent with the experimental results available.     

小议阿Q性格系统

在鲁迅小说中，阿Q是个被统治阶级剥夺得一无所有的赤贫户，他具有复杂的特殊性格，本质上是专制主义制度下的心理交态和人性异化，表现为退回内心和泯灭意志的双重人格。这种双重性有机联系，构成一个复杂的网络结构，从而使阿Q这一个典型形象永葆其旺盛的生命力。