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Let Z = {Z0, Z1, Z2,…} be a martingale, with difference sequence X0 = Z0, Xi = Zi ? Zi ? 1, i ≥ 1. The principal purpose of this paper is to prove that the best constant in the inequality λP(supi |Xi| ≥ λ) ≤ C supiE |Zi|, for λ > 0, is C = (log 2)?1. If Z is finite of length n, it is proved that the best constant is . The analogous best constant Cn(z) when Z0 ≡ z is also determined. For these finite cases, examples of martingales attaining equality are constructed. The results follow from an explicit determination of the quantity Gn(z, E) = supzP(maxi=1,…,n |Xi| ≥ 1), the supremum being taken over all martingales Z with Z0 ≡ z and E|Zn| = E. The expression for Gn(z,E) is derived by induction, using methods from the theory of moments. 相似文献
115.
Transmission characteristics of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot interferometer containing Cd(S, Se)-glasses were measured using laser pulses of 10 ns duration. The interferometer functioned as an optical limiter and optical discriminator. Optical bistability has not been observed, probably because of the finite relaxation time of the nonlinear effects. 相似文献
116.
D. P. Tewari Awdhesh Kumar J. K. Sharma 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1977,14(2):225-227
A uniform electromagnetic wave of high power density, propagating in a collisional plasma gives rise to a modification in
temperature-dependent collision frequency and in turn induces a gradient in the complex refractive index of the medium. A
WKB solution of the problem predicts a backward propagating wave on account of the self-induced inhomogeneity. The amplitude
of the backward (i.e. reflected) wave increases with increasing power density of the wave. This is a volume nonlinear effect
and is appreciable for usually employed power densities. 相似文献
117.
118.
This paper is concerned with large- error estimates concerning convergence in distribution as well as norm convergence for Banach space-valued martingale difference sequences. Indeed, two general limit theorems equipped with rates of convergence for such difference sequences are established. Applications of these lead to the central limit theorem and the weak law of large numbers with rates for Banach space-valued martingales. 相似文献
119.
Óscar Ciaurri 《Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo》2004,53(2):231-234
A transference theorem for multipliers of Hermite expansions is proved. The result allows to transfer weightedL
2(ℝ
n
) estimates from lower to higher dimensions.
Research of the author supported by grant BFM2003-06335-603-03 of the D.G.I.. 相似文献
120.
Joachim Toft 《Journal of Functional Analysis》2004,207(2):399-429
Let Mp,q denote the modulation space with parameters p,q∈[1,∞]. If 1/p1+1/p2=1+1/p0 and 1/q1+1/q2=1/q0, then it is proved that . The result is used to get inclusions between modulation spaces, Besov spaces and Schatten classes in calculus of Ψdo (pseudo-differential operators), and to extend the definition of Toeplitz operators. We also discuss continuity of ambiguity functions and Ψdo in the framework of modulation spaces. 相似文献