纸上吸光光度法研究——水中阴离子表面活性剂的测定

本方法采用阳离子显色剂亚甲基蓝试剂,与阴离子表面活性剂形成不溶于水的离子对沉淀,将沉淀吸滤在滤纸上,直接置于721型分光光度计中,用双波长吸光度差值法定量,操作简单、快速,选择性好,灵敏度高。对于0.5μg阴离子表面活性剂13次测定变异系数为2.2％。样品测试回收率在96-102％之间,以取样体积为20ml计,最小检出浓度为7.5×10~(-8)g/ml。     

聚苯胺膜的阴离子交换特性

聚苯胺掺杂电位区（０．２－０．７Ｖ）循环状安图能反映在聚苯胺膜内阴离子特性，Ｃｌ＾－、ＣｌＯ＾－４、ＳＯ＾－２４和ＮＯ＾－３等简单阴离子在膜内可通过电位循环交换。Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）＾３－６／４＾－氧化还原型阴离子可掺入膜内，而呈明显的氧化还原峰（电位０．５，０．４Ｖ），聚苯胺膜可富集和分离Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）＾３－４／４＾－离子。对氨基苯酸磺基团阴离子，在正电位下，可与带正电荷骨架膜静电吸引，还可能有某种不可…     

THE EFFECT OF ANION ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF ELECTRODE, THE ADSORPTION OF QUINOLINE AND THE SER SPECTRA

The effect of different anion on the morphology of electrode,the adsorption of quinoline and the SER spectra are investigented.The adsortion peak of quinoline appears in cyclic voliammogram in Cl^-(or Br^-) -containing electrolyte,but not in NO3^- solution.We also find that the adsorption of quinoline is correlated with Cl^- concentration.This indicates some complex consity of Cl^- and quinolue are produced on Ag surface.Scanning electron microscopy is used to evaluute differences in surface morphology subjected to ORC treatment in different anion solution.The surjace morphology of Ag elecirode roughened in NO3^- solution on which no SER signal can be lbserved differs greatly from that of Ag electrode which roughened in Cl^-(or Br^-)-containing clectrolyte.     

Anion-exchangeable inorganic-organic hybrid materials synthesized without using templates

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials have been obtained at room temperature in aqueous solution without using the templates of surfactants. The materials are carefully characterized by anion-exchange measurement, elements analysis, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Notably, the anion-exchange capacity of the samples (3.9mmol.g^-1) is even higher than anion-exchangeable resins. Interestingly, both small and large anions could be easily exchanged into the samples due to the plasticity of the samples, along with the phase transition.     

Investigation of adsorption of surfactant at the air-water interface with quantum chemistry method

Density functional theory （DFT） of quantum chemistry was used to optimize the configuration of the anionic surfactant complexes CH3（CH2）7OSO3^- （H2O）n （n=0-6） and calculate their molecular frequencies at the B3LYP/6-311＋G^＊ level. The interaction of CH3（CH2）7OSO3^- with 1 to 6 water molecules was investigated at the air-water interface with DFT. The results revealed that the hydration shell was formed in the form of H-bond between the hydrophilic group of CH3（CH2）7OSO3^- and 6 waters. The strength of H-bonds belongs to medium. Binding free energy revealed that the hydration shell was stable. The increase of the number of water molecules will cause increases of the total charge of hydrophilic group and S10-O9-C8 bond angle, but decreases of the alkyl chain length and the bond lengths of S10-O11, S10-O12 as well as S10-O13, respectively.     

粘土分散性的判别试验

针对分散性粘土遇水分散流失的不良性质，应用碎块、针孔、双比重计、孔隙水可溶盐和交换性钠质量分数5种试验方法，研究了西安市黑河水利枢纽工程粘土心墙土料的分散性。研究认为，土料大部分属于非分散性粘土，少部分属于分散性粘土，分散性粘土的蒙脱石与伊利石的质量比值较高；在采用黑河水冲蚀针孔时，分散性粘土有表现为非分散性的趋势；大坝建成后的坝体原状土样属于非分散性粘土。结果表明：蒙脱石与伊利石的质量比值是判别粘土分散性的重要指标，水质对土的分散性具有显著影响；分散性粘土与非分散性粘土合理混合使用可降低粘土的分散性，满足工程要求。     

贵州早、中三叠世间绿豆岩粘土矿物学研究

运用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱、差热分析、扫描电镜等分析方法，对贵州绿豆岩进行了系统的粘土矿物学研究。确定了贵州绿豆岩中粘土矿物主要有伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石／蒙脱石混层矿物，为贵州绿豆岩的成因研究和开发利用提供了依据。     

氧自由基的分析研究进展

本文对氧自由基的分析测定方法进行了综述和评价,主要包括电子自旋共振、高效液相色谱法、分光光度法、化学发光法、荧光和电化学等方法。     

如何运用水泥深层搅拌桩处理公路软基

水泥搅拌桩是用于加固饱和软粘土的一种方法,就是利用水泥、水配制成浆液等作为固化剂,用专用的搅拌钻机将固化剂等喷入软土地基中。并将软土与固化剂强制搅拌,利用固化剂与软土之间所产生的一系列物理化学反应．使软土结成具有一定强度的水泥桩体而形成复合地基的一种施工方法。美国在二战后研究开发成功一种就地搅拌桩（MIP）．1953年日本从美国引入这种方法,国内在1977年10月开始进行深层搅拌桩的室内实验和施工机械的研制工作。由于水泥搅拌桩具有能有效减少总沉降量、能承受较大的加荷速率、抗竖向变形能力强、可大大缩短施工期等优点,目前在公路建设领域应用得较为广泛。     

烷基硫酸盐表面张力的量子化学研究

用AMl量子化学计算法优化了十三烷基硫酸根阴离子和——CH3在不同取代位的十二烷基硫酸根阴离子的几何构型，得到最优构型时最高占据分子轨道能级EHOMO、最低空轨道能级ELUMO、电子能量Eele和偶极矩μ等数据．将这些电子结构数据分别与表面张力相拟合，得到很好的相关性。文中讨论了——CH3在不同位置取代对表面张力的影响。