用长气体靶研究22Na+α共振散射

在日本东京大学CRIB 次级束装置上,用长气体靶开展了22Na+ α共振散射的厚靶实验研究。针对长气体靶实验中的两体运动学重构问题,提出了一套包括构建空间复杂几何关系、计算能量损失以及反应运动学的逐事件分析方法;对22Na+α共振散射的实验数据进行了重构分析,得到了E_c.m. = 4.2 ~ 5.4 MeV 区间22Na( α,α ) 的激发函数,从实验的激发函数中观测到了复合核26Al 5 个较为明显的共振峰。鉴于26Al 共振态的衰变模式比较复杂,本工作发现的26Al新共振态的能级性质有待进一步的理论分析。The 22Na+α resonant scattering is studied via a conventional thick target inverse kinematic method with an extended gas target. A data analysis method is proposed for the two-body reaction kinematic reconstruction, in which the spatial geometry, the reaction kinematics and the energy losses are considered. The experimental data of 22Na+ αresonant scattering have been thus reconstructed, and the excitation function is obtained in the energy interval of Ec.m. =4.2~5.4 MeV. Five resonant states in 26Al are observed in the experimental excitation function. Since several decay modes coexist for the observed 26Al resonant states, multi-channel theoretical analysis is thus needed to reveal their structure and decay features.     

三波长光度法测定微量亚硝酸根及其机理的研究

本文研究了硫堇与亚硝酸根的反应 ,根据三波长处吸光度的加和值与亚硝酸根浓度的线性关系 ,提出并建立了测定亚硝酸根含量的新方法 ,线性范围 0～ 0 .5 6 0 m g· L- 1 ,用于样品中亚硝酸根的测定获得满意结果。并对反应机理进行了初步探讨     

熊猫光纤的结构与双折射特性关系研究

本文用微元算法研究了熊猫光纤的结构参量对熊猫光纤双折射特性(拍长)的影响.由实验数据拟合出了计算拍长的熊猫光纤掺杂区的有效热膨胀系数.计算结果表明,熊猫光纤的猫眼半径、猫眼与纤芯的距离、猫眼的不一致等都是影响拍长的因素.所得结果对熊猫光纤的制作提供了理论指导.     

质子数Z 分别位于Ru 之上和之下的A~(100~126) 丰中子原子核三轴形变在原子核形状变迁和共存中的重要作用(英文)

基于Ru (Z = 44) 丰中子同位素中存在最大三轴形变的理论预言和实验证据,综述了近年来Rh (Z = 45),Pd (Z =46), Ag (Z =47), Cd (Z =48)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之上)及Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42),Tc (Z =43)(质子数Z 位于Ru,Z =44 之下) 的A~ (100~126) 丰中子同位素中关于三轴形变的形状变迁和形状共存系统性研究的重要进展。252Cf 自发裂变瞬发 射线-- 三重符合、特别是新建立的--- 四重符合数据的系统观测和研究,在Ru, Pd, Cd 和Nb 丰中子同位素中显著扩展或首次观测到了一系列能带,为这个核区原子核形状的研究提供了新的、重要的实验数据。联系此前报道的有关进展,使用PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM 和SCTAC 理论模型计算拟合新的实验数据,在该核区沿同中素和同位素链,并随自旋和激发能变化各自由度,跟踪原子核形状渐进变化,获得了新的系统性研究成果,显著扩展和深化了人们对原子核形状变迁和形状共存的认知。对于Ru 及其上的Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47) 和Cd (Z = 48) 丰中子同位素的研究表明:Rh 丰中子核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ = 28°,并在103{106Rh 同位素链上鉴别出了手征对称破缺;在三轴形变核112Ru和114Pd(N = 68)中发现了三轴原子核的摆动运动,该摆动运动也可能在114Ru (N = 70)中存在;观察到了从具有最大三轴形变的110,112Ru 中手征破缺到稍小三轴形变的112,114,116Pd 中扰动的手征破缺的过渡;在较软的Ag 核中观察到了丰富的谱学结构,在104,105Ag 中鉴别出了可能的手征对称破缺,在较重的115,117Ag 中提出了趋于三轴形变的软度;具有小形变的Cd核的能级结构被解释为准粒子耦合、准转动和软三轴形变;最近的库伦激发的研究提供了Z = 50, N = 82满壳附近122,124,126Cd 核中出现核集体性的实验和理论证据;上述研究成果展现出从Ru中的最大三轴形变(γ=30°,三轴形变极小增益为0.67 MeV), 经具有大三轴形变的Rh核γ=28°),到Pd核中的稍小、但稳定于中等自旋到高自旋区的三轴形变(γ~41°,三轴形变极小增益为0.32 MeV),再经Ag核中的软度,最后到具有很小形变、但仍出现集体性质、包括软三轴形变的Cd核的过渡。对于Pd核转动带交叉系统性的研究揭示了其第一带交叉(νh_11/2)2 中子转动顺排的上行驱动,和第二带交叉(πg_9/2)2质子转动顺排的下行驱动效应,成功地解释了114Pd 中的三轴摆动运动,并给出了110-118Pd同位素链中理论早已预言、而比早期理论预言更为完整准确的形状渐进变迁和形状共存的图像。根据该核区的系统研究,发现最大三轴形变出现在112Ru,而在相邻的偶Z(Pd)同位素链,三轴形变极小的中心在114Pd, 两者均为N = 68。上述系统性研究沿相邻的Ru和Pd偶Z同位素链,在N =68同中素中鉴别出最大三轴形变,均比理论预言的108Ru 和110Pd 多4个中子。在Z值位于Ru (Z = 44) 之下的Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42) and Tc (Z = 43) 丰中子同位素中,Y和Zr核具有很强的轴对称四极形变,而在较重的Zr同位素中出现了自由度;较重的Nb核(A = 104~106) 基态具有中等程度的软三轴形变和强四极形变,随着自旋和激发能的增加,过渡到接近于轴对称的强四极形变;而较轻的Nb核(A≤103) 基态均接近轴对称形状;在Nb同位素链上基态由球形到强四极形变的形状突变发生在100Nb(N = 59),在100-106Nb同位素链中基态的软三轴形变随中子数增加而增加;在Nb核中还观察到关于软三轴形变的形状共存;Mo核具有大的三轴形变,观察到了振动和手征对称破缺;Tc核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ=26°,并观察到了手征对称破缺。质子数Z从41到48的A~(100~126)丰中子同位素,特别是Pd和Nb 同位素,呈现出关于三轴形变的过渡特征。This paper reviews the systematic investigations and understanding for the shape transitions and coexistence with regard to triaxial deformations in A s 100 to 126 neutron-rich Rh (Z = 45), Pd (Z = 46), Ag (Z = 47), Cd (Z = 48) and Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), Mo (Z = 42), Tc (Z = 43) isotopes with Z beyond and below Ru (Z = 44), respectively, in Ru the maximal triaxial deformation having been predicted and deduced. The recent measurements and studies of prompt triple- and four-fold, γ-γ-γ and γ-γ-γ-γ, coincidence data from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf using Gammasphere have yielded considerable expansion and extension or first observation of the bands in Ru, Pd, Cd, and Nb isotopes,which provided important data for the studies of nuclear shapes in this region. Combined with previous investigations, recent systematic studies of the new data well reproduced by PES, TRS, PSM, CCCSM and SCTAC model calculations have traced shape changes along the isotonic and isotopic chains, respectively,and with changing excitations/spins as well, significantly expanding our knowledge of shape transitions/coexistence in nuclei.For the neutron-rich Ru and beyond, Rh, Pd, Ag and Cd isotopes, triaxial deformations γ= 28°,slightly smaller than the maximal value, were deduced in Rh (Z = 45) isotopes, with chiral symmetry breaking proposed in 103-106Rh; onset of wobbling motions were identified in 112Ru and 114Pd (N =68),and probably also in 114Ru (N =70); evolution from chiral symmetry breaking in 110,112Ru with maximal triaxial deformations to disturbed chirality in 112,114,116Pd with less pronounced triaxial deformations was proposed; rich nuclear structure was proposed in soft Ag isotopes with possible chiral doubling structure suggested in 104,105Ag, and softness towards triaxial deformation proposed in heavier 115,117Ag;quasi-particle couplings, quasi-rotations and soft triaxiality were suggested in Cd (Z =48) isotopes with small deformations; onset of collectivity was recently suggested in 122,124,126Cd in the vicinity of Z =50 and N = 82 closed shells by studies of Coulomb excitations; shape evolutions from maximal triaxial deformations in Ru (γ=30°, with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.67 MeV), through Rh with large triaxial deformations ( γ=28°), to less pronounced triaxiality in Pd (with triaxial minimum energy gain of 0.32 MeV), then soft triaxiality in Ag, and finally to slightly deformed Cd isotopes but with emergence of collectivity and soft triaxiality were proposed. The systematic studies of the band crossings in Pd revealed up-rising drivings of the first band crossings caused by (νh_11/2)2 and down-sloping drivings of the second band crossings by (πg_9/2)2, explained the onset of wobbling motions in 114Pd,and showed a long-sought picture of shape evolution and coexistence in the Pd isotopic chain which is more complete but complex than earlier predictions. Based on the systematic studies in the mass region,maximal triaxial deformation is found to be reached in 112Ru and less-pronounced triaxiality centered at 114Pd, both for N =68, four neutrons more than predicted in earlier theoretical calculations.In the neutron-rich Zr (Z =40), Nb (Z =41), Mo (Z =42) and Tc (Z =43) isotopes with Z just below Ru, large quadrupole deformations of axially symmetric shapes were deduced in Y and Zr isotopes, with emergence of the degree of freedom having been suggested for heavier Zr isotopes; medium triaxial deformations were deduced for the ground states of heavier (A > 104) Nb isotopes, and, with increasing excitations and spins, evolution from medium triaxial deformations with strong quadrupole deformations at ground states to nearly axially-symmetric shapes were deduced; light Nb isotopes (A6103) have near axially-symmetric shapes with strong quadrupole deformations; combining with the identification of onset of strong quadrupole deformation at 100Nb in the Nb isotopic chain, an increase of soft triaxiality with increasing neutron number was proposed in 100-106Nb. Shape coexistence with regard to soft triaxiality is also proposed in Nb isotopes; large triaxial deformations, vibrations and chiral doublets were proposed in Mo isotopes; chiral doubling and large triaxial deformations (γ ~26°) slightly smaller than the maximal triaxiality were suggested in Tc isotopes.The neutron-rich nuclei with Z ranging from 41 through 48 and A ~100 to 126, especially the Pd and Nb isotopes are thus found to be transitional nuclei with regard to triaxiality.     

十二烷基苯中有机玻璃和尼龙的纳秒脉冲沿面闪络特性

为了揭示十二烷基苯中绝缘材料沿面闪络的发展过程,并研究有效提高脉冲功率装置绝缘爬电距离的方法,通过实验对不同脉冲前沿、不同电场形式下有机玻璃和尼龙6在负脉冲电压下的沿面闪络电压进行了测量。结果发现:随着脉冲陡度的增加,沿面闪络电压增大;随着沿面距离的增大,闪络电压升高,但闪络场强降低;电场越不均匀,越容易发生闪络,并且在极不均匀场中,闪络距离较大时,闪络电压随沿面距离的增长趋势变缓,出现了明显的拐点。研究认为,液体介质中的沿面闪络与真空中的沿面闪络具有相似的闪络机制,沿面闪络是在气化的通道内完成的。     

砷化镓光阴极直流高压注入器研究进展

主要介绍自由电子激光相干强太赫兹源(FEL-THz)装置上的砷化镓光阴极直流高压注入器的研究进展,并讨论其驱动未来高重复频率短波长自由电子激光器的差距。通过综合砷化镓阴极寿命的三大影响因素,提出了其工作寿命的定性物理模型;通过该模型对阴极和注入器进行优化,在直流高压电子枪上得到了5mA,32min的连续稳定输出;测量了电子束在4.8mA下归一化发射度约为4.0πmm·mrad,阴极热发射度约为0.6πmm·mrad,电子束本征横向能量约为92meV,250keV电子束在距离阴极90.6cm处纵向均方根长度约为11.5ps。这一束流状态已经基本满足FEL-THz需求。     

铕激活的铝酸锶镁的合成及发光特性

研究了二价铕激活的Sr1-nMgnAl2O4的合成、发光性质以及基质组分Sr/Mg摩尔比与荧光性质的关系，并对其余辉及衰减进行了测定。     

UCFC晶体场理论方法（I）——UCFC方法基本概念与d^4组态空间标准基

作为以ｄ４／ｄ６离子为例系统地介绍“ＵＣＦＣ（统一晶场偶合）图象晶体场理论方法”（简称ＵＣＦＣ方法）的系列论文的第一篇，首先介绍了ＵＣＦＣ方法的基本概念，然后介绍了ｄ４／ｄ６离子ＵＣＦＣ方法基本内容的第一部分：ｄ４离子全组态空间标准基链的构造方法。第二篇将介绍如何在标准基链中建造能量矩阵链。第三篇将介绍ｄ４／ｄ６离子ＵＣＦＣ方法的ＥＰＲ理论部分。ＵＣＦＣ方法不仅是一种考虑ｄ电子组态全部多重态的完全计算方法，而且是一种统一的、规范化的、简洁的理论方法体系。它克服了强场、弱场等传统逐次对角化方法的局限性，不须区分晶体场的强弱，因而原则上可通用于任意过渡金属络合物。     

长水波近似方程的多孤子解

利用直接而简单的齐次平衡方法，给出了长水波近似方程的多孤子解.本方法可进一步推广研究一大类非线性波动方程. 关键词：     

186,188,^190Pb低位长椭球带的理论研究

将角动量投影壳模型应用到１８６ Ｐｂ ,１８８ Ｐｂ 和１９０ Ｐｂ 核, 对它们的低位长椭球带进行了理论计算并与实验结果进行了比较, 对这三个核从理论上预言了该带带头, 并把壳模型应用到１８６ Ｈｇ 核, 得到与实验较好地符合验证了这种理论预言的可靠性．