锂离子电池片状四氧化三钴负极的合成及改性

采用液相沉淀法结合低温固相热解法合成了锂离子电池片状Co3O4负极.通过X射线粉体衍射(XRD)、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)比表面积分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及恒电流充放电等表征手段,发现该Co3O4为立方相,结晶完整且无杂质,由直径为1.5-3.0μm、厚度约为100-300 nm的不规则片状颗粒组成,比表面积约为30.5 m2·g-1;其比容量高且容量保持率好,在0.1C倍率下,首次放电容量高达1444.5 mAh·g-1,50次循环后充电容量仍大于1100.0 mAh·g-1;但在高倍率(1C)下,50次循环后充电容量保持率仅为75.3%,倍率性能一般.故采用碳纳米管(CNTs)掺杂改性,结果表明:在1C倍率下,70次循环后复合材料充电容量保持率为96.3%;在2C倍率下,50次循环后充电容量保持率仍高达97.0%,倍率性能显著提升.     

离子液体在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展

离子液体具有蒸汽压低、热稳定性好、不易挥发、溶解能力强、环境友好、电化学稳定窗口和液程范围宽等优点,在锂离子电池领域应用前景广泛。本文按照离子液体作为电解质溶剂、与传统电解质复配或与聚合物电解质结合的应用方式,总结其对电池的安全性和热稳定性的影响,并综述了近年来离子液体在锂离子电池电解质中的应用研究进展。     

聚合物锂离子电池界面相容性的研究进展

聚合物锂离子电池作为储能装置在电子产品中具有广泛的应用前景。电极/聚合物电解质(E/P)界面相容性是影响聚合物锂离子电池电导率、安全性、机械性能的重要影响因素之一。研究E/P界面的电化学反应及形成机理,是解决相容性问题的关键。本文综述了近年来有关聚合物锂离子电池E/P界面相容性及相关研究技术的进展,并对聚合物锂离子电池界面相容性的相关研究进行了展望。     

基于液相色谱-质谱联用的代谢组学研究中代谢物的结构鉴定进展

基于液相色谱-质谱联用的代谢组学技术因其高效分离能力和高灵敏检测能力已成为生命科学研究的重要手段,但由于缺乏有效的通用标准谱图库,检测到的大量代谢物的结构难以鉴定。这制约了代谢组学覆盖度的提高和生物标志物的发现,造成化学和生物信息的严重丢失,成为代谢组学发展的主要技术瓶颈。随着质谱仪器及计算机技术的进步,基于大气压电离质谱（API-MS）的代谢物结构鉴定技术飞速发展,本文从质谱仪器、代谢物分子结构式判别、数据库及谱图检索以及计算机辅助谱图解析等方面,对代谢物结构鉴定的最新进展进行了综述。     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 as a concentration-gradient cathode material for lithium batteries

A well-ordered and spherical LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material was successfully synthesized from Ni and Mn concentration-gradient precursors via co-precipitation. The crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and charge-discharge tests. The material delivered an initial discharge capacity of 174.3 mAh/g at 180 mA/g （1 C rate） between 2.8 and 4.3 V and more than 93.1% of that was retained after 100 cycles. In addition, it also exhibited excellent rate capability, high cut-off voltage and temperature performance.     

Modelling of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with different designs of indirect internal reformer

The cell performance and temperature gradient of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell with indirect internal reformer(IIR-SOFC) fuelled by natural gas, containing a typical catalytic packed-bed reformer, a catalytic coated wall reformer, a catalytic annular reformer, and a novel catalytic annular-coated wall reformer were investigated with an aim to determine the most efficient internal reformer system. Among the four reformer designs, IIR-SOFC containing an annular-coated wall reformer exhibited the highest performance in terms of cell power density(0.67 W cm-2)and electrical efficiency(68%) with an acceptable temperature gradient and a moderate pressure drop across the reformer(3.53×10-5kPa).IIR-SOFC with an annular-coated wall reformer was then studied over a range of operating conditions: inlet fuel temperature, operating pressure, steam to carbon(S : C) ratio, gas flow pattern(co-flow and counter-flow pattern), and natural gas compositions. The simulation results showed that the temperature gradient across the reformer could not be decreased using a lower fuel inlet temperature(1223 K–1173 K)and both the power density and electrical efficiency of the cell also decreased by lowering fuel inlet temperature. Operating in higher pressure mode(1-10 bar) improved the temperature gradient and cell performance. Increasing the S : C ratio from 2 : 1 to 4 : 1 could decrease the temperature drop across the reformer but also decrease the cell performance. The average temperature gradient was higher and smoother in IIR-SOFC under a co-flow pattern than that under a counter-flow pattern, leading to lower overpotential and higher cell performance. Natural gas compositions significantly affected the cell performance and temperature gradient. Natural gas containing lower methane content provided smoother temperature gradient in the system but showed lower power density and electrical efficiency.     

Electrospun CuFe2O4 nanotubes as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Herein,we report on the synthesis and lithium storage properties of electrospun one-dimensional(1D) CuFe_2O_4 nanomaterials.1D CuFe_2O_4nanotubes and nanorods were fabricated by a single spinneret electrospinning method followed by thermal decomposition for removal of polymers from the precursor fibers.The as-prepared CuFe_2O_4 nanotubes with wall thickness of ~50 nm presented diameters of ~150 nm and lengths up to several millimeters.It was found that phase separation between the electrospun composite materials occured during the electrospinning process,while the as-spun precursor nanofibers composed of polyacrylonitrile(PAN),polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and metal salts might possess a core-shell structure(PAN as the core and PVP/metal salts composite as the shell) and then transformed to a hollow structure after calcination.Moreover,as a demonstration of the functional properties of the 1D nanostructure.CuFe_2O_4 nanotubes and nanorods were investigated as anodes for lithium ion batteries(LIBs).It was demonstrated that CuFe_2O_4 nanotubes not only delivered a high reversible capacity of ~816 mAh·g~(-1) at a current density of 200 mA·g~(-1)over 50 cycles,but also showed superior rate capability with respect to counterpart nanorods.Probably,the enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to its high specific surface areas as well as the unique hollow structure.     

Interconnected sandwich structure carbon/Si-SiO2/carbon nanospheres composite as high performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

In the present work,an interconnected sandwich carbon/Si-SiO2/carbon nanospheres composite was prepared by template method and carbon thermal vapor deposition（TVD）.The carbon conductive layer can not only efficiently improve the electronic conductivity of Si-based anode,but also play a key role in alleviating the negative effect from huge volume expansion over discharge/charge of Si-based anode.The resulting material delivered a reversible capacity of 1094 mAh/g,and exhibited excellent cycling stability.It kept a reversible capacity of 1050 mAh/g over 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 96%.     

Sulfur/carbon composites prepared with ordered porous carbon for Li-S battery cathode

Ordered porous cabon with a 2-D hexagonal structure,high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized through a twostep heating method using tri-block copolymer as template and phenolic resin as carbon precursor.The results indicated the electrochemical performance of the sulfur/carbon composites prepared with the ordered porous carbon was significantly affected by the pore structure of the carbon.Both the specific capacity and cycling stability of the sulfur/carbon composites were improved using the bimodal micro/meso-porous carbon frameworks with high surface area.Its initial discharge capacity can be as high as 1200 mAh·g~(-1) at a current density of 167.5 mA·g~(-1)The improved capacity retention was obtained during the cell cycling as well.     

Graphene oxide assisted facile hydrothermal synthesis of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 nanoparticles as cathode material for lithium ion battery

Assisted by graphene oxide（GO）,nano-sized LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 with excellent electrochemical performance was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method as cathode material for lithium ion battery.SEM and TEM images indicate that the particle size of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4（S2）was about 80 nm in diameter.The discharge capacity of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 nanoparticles was 140.3 mAh-g^1 in the first cycle.It showed that graphene oxide was able to restrict the growth of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 and it in situ reduction of GO could improve the electrical conductivity of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 material.