漫谈雾及其消除技术

深秋或初冬季节,常会出现大雾天气。当大气中的水蒸气含量达到饱和时,就有可能在气溶胶微粒上凝聚成小水滴或小冰晶,凝聚后的小水滴漂浮在近地面空气中,形成雾。雾的形成有三个必备条件：近地面空气湿度较大,近地面空气中的水蒸气浓度达到过饱和,空气中有凝结核使水蒸气遇冷形成悬浮小水滴。     

盐酸酸沉四钼酸铵结晶的成核研究

本文研究了用盐酸酸沉仲钼酸铵溶液制备四钼酸铵的成核过程,测量了以诱导期表示的成核速率,讨论了温度和过饱和比对成核速率的影响.结果表明,四钼酸铵过饱和溶液的成核速率随着温度的升高和过饱和比的增大而增大.确定了在实验的温度范围内均匀成核和非均匀成核之间的界限,并根据均匀成核理论计算了其成核特征参数.     

Crystallization dynamics of supersaturated NaClO4 aerosols studied by high-speed photography

Single supersaturated NaClO4 aerosol droplets on a quartz substrate were observed by a high-speed video camera for their morphologic changes with decreasing relative humidity （RH）. The supersaturated droplets were found to form anhydrous NaClO4 at -10% RH. Three stages were roughly observed in this process, i.e., the main stem appearance, primary and secondary branches growth, and the deep dehydration. The main stem grew steadily and finished in 120 ms. Affected by both crystal precipitation and water evaporation, primary branches grew for 1200 ms, accompanied by a slower growth of secondary branches. The deep dehydration was more complicated, and lasted for a longer time.     

过饱和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Mn合金热分解的XRD研究

利用雾化及高能低温球磨的方法制备了过饱和的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Mn合金粉,并利用XRD方法,研究了所得过饱和铝合金粉的热分解过程.研究结果表明,在350℃以下热分解时,过饱和固溶体析出的平衡相为η(MgZn2),XRD未检测出含锰相的存在.含锰铝合金粉在高于350℃分解时,除η(MgZn2)相外,析出相中还有Al6Mn,但未发现其他任何类型的亚稳含锰相,说明Al6Mn直接从过饱和的α-Al中析出,而非是先析出含锰的亚稳过渡相,由中间相转变为平衡相.     

机械合金化Cu—W合金的制备及结构研究

在Ｃｕ－Ｗ系中，用机械合金化的方法能得到过饱和固溶体，而该系统在液、固相状态下完全不互溶，这说明由于机械球磨引起的粒子细化对扩展固溶起了决定性的作用，用Ｘ射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜测试了该固溶体的结构、其稳定性用ＤＴＡ热分析测定。     

原位合成Cu-TiC复合粉末

原位合成的复合材料具有优良的性能 .利用反应球磨可以原位合成Cu -TiC复合粉末 ,用XRD技术证实了TiC的生成 ,并结合测温手段和金相技术论证了合成TiC的机械诱发自蔓延合成反应机理     

Cu对超低碳贝氏体钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

借助透射电镜和电化学测试系统,对含铜超低碳贝氏体钢(ULCB)经不同工艺热处理后的微观组织及在0.01mol/LNa2SO4 0.01mol/LNaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究,并分析了Cu对ULCB钢耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,高铜试样(wCu≥1.0%)经淬火后形成均匀的过饱和固溶体,具有较好的耐腐蚀性能.试样经低温400℃时效处理后,ε-Cu相析出很少,基体组织中的缺陷大大减少,耐腐蚀性能得到改善.当时效温度升至600℃时,析出的ε-Cu颗粒粗化且数量增多,与基体组织形成腐蚀微电池,导致腐蚀电流增加,试样耐腐蚀性下降.     

过饱和水淤泥质粘性土地基上基础设计

通过对过饱和水淤泥质粘性土地基上基础沉降的设计计算及观测研究，总结出过饱和水淤泥质粘性土上条形基础设计和施工方面的研究成果。     

含Nb-Ti低碳微合金钢纳米碳化物析出行为

采用热膨胀仪、显微硬度计和透射电镜研究了等温温度对Nb-Ti微合金钢组织性能及析出行为的影响规律.结果表明,在不同温度下等温淬火均得到铁素体与马氏体的双相组织,且随着等温温度的降低,铁素体的体积分数逐渐增大.实验钢中存在两种主要的析出形态,分别为相间析出和弥散析出,且随着等温温度的降低,析出形态逐渐从相间析出向弥散析出转变.通过HRTEM确定相间析出碳化物具有Na Cl型晶体结构,晶格常数为0.432 nm,且与铁素体基体满足Baker-Nutting(B-N)关系.铁素体相的维氏硬度随着等温温度的降低而逐渐增大.     

Synthesis of TiO2 supported on activated carbon by MOCVD： operation parameters study

The metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique has been applied to the preparation of the photocatalyst titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon. The effects of various condition parameters such as carrier gas flow rate, source temperature and deposition temperature on the deposition rate were investigated. The maximum deposition rate of 8.2 mg/(g x h) was obtained under conditions of carrier gas flow rate of 400 ml/min, source temperature of 423 K and deposition temperature of 913 K. The deposition rate followed Arrhenius behavior at temperature of 753 K to 913 K, corresponding to activation energy E(a) of 51.09 kJ/mol. TiO(2) existed only in anatase phase when the deposition temperature was 773 K to 973 K. With increase of deposition temperature from 1073 K to 1273 K, the rutile content sharply increased from 7% to 70%. It was found that a deposition temperature of 773 K and a higher source temperature of 448 K resulted in finely dispersed TiO(2) particles, which were mainly in the range of 10-20 nm.