Some evidence of drying trend over northern China from 1951 to 2004

The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over China were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analysis of the variation of the above three indices and precipitation, the dry/wet spatio-temporal pattern of northern China in the last 54 years was revealed, and the evidence of drying trend over northern China was analyzed, especially. The results show the following four facts: (1) The drying trend is the main characteristic of the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China since the 1980s and it was enhanced in the last 15 years mainly due to the precipitation decrease and the temperature increase; (2) During the last 54 years, there was only one dry/wet shift at the interdecadal scale occurring in the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China in the late 1970s, which was related to 1977/1978 global abrupt change, whereas there were three shifts in Northeast China, one was in the mid 1990s and the other two were in 1965 and 1983, respectively; (3) Unlike the variation trend of other subregions of northern China, the western part of Northwest China is currently located in a relatively wetting period, which is weak-ened due to the temperature increase; (4) The extreme drought frequency is obviously increasing in the eastern part of Northwest China, the central part of North China and Northeast China since the 1980s, which is closely related to the precipitation decrease and temperature increase in these subregions.     

中药贮存与养护

中药含有淀粉、糖类、蛋白质、脂肪油、纤维素、鞣质等成分，如果贮藏不当，易发生霉烂，虫蛀、走油及变色等变质现象．其中尤以霉烂和虫蛀对药材的危害性最大，不仅在经济上会造成损失，更严重的是使中药降低疗效，甚至完全丧失药用价值．因此，研究中药科学保管，对保证病人用药安全，减少药材损耗均具有重要意义。     

三用干燥热泵表面式蒸发器模拟计算

研究了三用干燥热泵表面式蒸发器模拟计算过程。须特别注意的是：不同运行状态时蒸发器析湿系数不同；蒸发器最佳翅片表面温度的确定方法及结构计算合理性判定等。     

农副产品太阳能干燥技术的研究和发展

文章介绍了近年来太阳能干燥装置的发展状况,与传统的自然干燥和采用常规能源的干燥进行比较,并分析了其尚未大面积推广应用的制约因素和该技术尚待解决的一些问题。     

Fractal Characteristics of Dry Sliding Surfaces Based on 3-D Measurements

3-D surface morphology measurements of compact graphite irons were used to analyze the fractal characteristics of the surfaces to relate the dry sliding surface morphology to the fractal dimension. The measurements show that the fractal dimensions (Df) of the sliding surfaces vary from1 to 2 and are closely related to the surface morphologies. Increasing depths of grooves or pits increases the Df values, At the same time, increasing densities of the grooves also causes the Df values to increase. The data can be used to discuss relationship between Df and the friction coefficient as well as the wear rate.     

沙特南北铁路无缝线路焊接技术

目前,应用于无缝线路钢轨焊接的焊接技术主要有:闪光焊焊接、气压焊焊接、铝热焊焊接和电弧焊焊接。通过对沙特南北铁路CTW200标项目无缝焊接技术的研究,简要介绍了针对当地炎热干燥、沙尘暴频繁的气候,项目部所采取的无缝线路焊接技术、施工注意事项、质量保证措施等。     

不同干燥方法对鲍鱼营养成分的影响

为研究不同干燥方式对鲍鱼中营养成分的影响,采用自然晾晒、热风干燥和微波真空干燥的方式,研究干制鲍鱼中多糖、总糖、胶原蛋白以及氨基酸含量的变化情况。结果表明,自然晾晒的鲍鱼中多糖和总糖含量显著高于热风干燥及微波真空干燥,而胶原蛋白及氨基酸含量则显著低于其余2种干燥方法。其中胶原蛋白含量以微波真空干燥的方式最佳,但同热风干燥间相差不大;氨基酸含量以热风干燥方式最佳。综合整体实验结果,热风干燥及微波真空干燥优于自然晾晒,且有利于工业化生产加工。     

微波干燥多孔硅酸钙干燥动力学及微观结构演化

探究微波功率和样品负载量对多孔硅酸钙微波干燥动力学和特性的影响.结果表明,Midilli模型是微波干燥多孔硅酸钙的最佳模型.多孔硅酸钙水分有效扩散系数(D_eff)随着样品负载量的降低和微波功率的增加呈上升趋势,样品负载量为4～30 g时,对应的D_eff=4.265×10^-9～1.967×10^-9m²/s,微波功率为100～350 W时,对应的D_eff=3.222×10^-9～25.224×10^-9 m²/s,微波功率密度相同时,微波功率愈大D_eff越高.增加多孔硅酸钙负载量和增加微波功率都能提升微波干燥效率,样品负载量为4～30 g时,对应的微波干燥效率为6.04%～21.52%,微波功率为100～350 W,对应的干燥效率为11.57%～28.69%.通过扫描电子显微镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱对材料进行表征,微波干燥后的多孔硅酸钙与传统方法干燥后的相比,脱除了部分化学结合水...     

化学蒸气发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定地质样品中痕量金

地质样品经盐酸-硝酸(3+1)混合酸溶解,活性炭分离富集后,于90℃用12g.L-1硼氢化钠溶液(溶于0.5g.L-1氢氧化钠溶液中)作还原剂,用化学蒸气发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中痕量的金。金的质量浓度在1 500μg.L-1以内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为0.59μg.L-1。方法用于测定2个标准物质(GBW 07289和GBW 07291)中金含量,测定值与认定值相符。     

三相分离器蒸气减压系统的应用

介绍了一种用于三相分离器容器保护的蒸气减压系统的设计应用,实现了在火灾工况下对容器壁的保护,此蒸气减压系统可在有效的时间内将容器的压力降到安全值,防止容器破裂,而且即使容器破裂,也可以防止其可能向火源增加更多的燃料,从而很好地保护了容器和周边装置的安全,此蒸气减压系统由紧急放空阀和多级限流孔板组成。