无线加速度计在超重失重实验中的应用

: 用传统的指针式仪器演示超重、 失重时, 实验现象转瞬即逝, 不易观察. 利用 MPU 6 0 5 0和2. 4 G无线技 术实时采集加速度值并将其可视化, 以实时图像、 生成数据表供用户进行实验分析, 克服了传统实验的不足, 更容易 激发学生的学习兴趣.     

郴州市医务人员超重和肥胖状况及其影响因素的流行病学调查

目的 了解医务人员超重和肥胖的现状及其影响因素。方法 采用分层抽样方法对郴州市城区8家医院840名年龄在18～60岁的医务人员进行超重和肥胖率的流行病学调查。结果 医务人员超重和肥胖的现患率分别为15．83％和0．24％，经1990年全国人口标化，医务人员超重和肥胖的现患率分别为20．40％和0．053％，其中男性医务人员超重现患率为30．16％（标化后现患率23．06％)，高于女性医务人员的超重现患率7．24％(标化现患率11．14％)；男女性超重现患率随着年龄而上升；经多元逐步回归分析，影响医务人员超重和肥胖的因素主要有：性别、年龄、是否轮班、文化程度、工作压力、健康状况和经济收入，其中性别、是否轮班和工作压力与超重和肥胖呈负相关。结论 男性医务人员超重和肥胖率高于女性；超重和肥胖由多因素引起，应采用综合预防和干预措施控制超重和肥胖的发生。     

旋转过程中的超重与失重实验设计

《超重与失重》是高中物理的一个演示实验，但实验过程往往由于时问过短，学生不易观察到现象，而且一般实验也是通过直线运动来演示超重与失重．为了使超重与失重的过程延工，为了演示旋转中的超重与失重，本研究用简单的装置和易懂的原理清晰明了的演示了旋转过程中的超重与失重现象，滚摆的旋转上升和下降其质心的平动速度也较自由落体慢，便于学生观察实验现象，实验装置简单．     

Systematic studies on α-decay half-lives for super heavy nuclei

Radioactive decay of super heavy nuclei via the emission of α-particles has been studied theoretically in the preformed cluster model （PCM）. The nucleus-nucleus （NN） potential is obtained by double folding the density distributions of the α-particle and the daughter nucleus with a realistic effective interaction. The M3Y effective interaction, supplemented by a zero-range pseudo-potential for exchange term, is used to calculate the NN potential. The α decay half-lives for 317 nuclei at Z=102 120 are performed in the PCM framework with the theoretical Q values extracted from the MSller-Nix-Kratz and Liran-Marinov-Zeldes mass tables and are compared with the experimental data. The calculated results are also compared with those obtained by using Q values from the Muntian-Hofmann-Patyk-Sobiczewski and Myers-Swiatecki mass estimates.     

基于双核模型对Z = 116~ 121 超重核产生截面的研究(英文)

在双核模型的理论框架下系统研究了超重元素Z = 116 ~121 的蒸发剩余截面,计算过程中核子扩散由主方程描述,同时考虑了全熔合与准裂变的竞争。计算基本再现了利用热熔合反应48Ca+245Cm,48Ca+249Cf 和48Ca+249Bk 产生116~118 号同位素的合成截面。同样,分别以249Bk,249Cf 和243Am 为靶,以48Ca,50Ti 和58Fe 为炮弹,计算了Z = 119~ 121 号同位素的生成截面。结果表明,这些超重核的生成截面随着质子数的增大进一步变小。例如,利用58Fe+243Am 反应合成121 号同位素的最大蒸发剩余截面仅在fb 量级。基于对选择的几个反应系统的系统分析,发现双核系统在熔合蒸发过程中偶Z 奇N 和奇Z 偶N 复合核分别有强的3n 和4n 蒸发道。The production cross sections of superheavy elements with Z = 116~121 have been investigated systematically within the dinuclear system (DNS) concept, where the master equation is solved numerically to obtain the fusion probability. The competition between complete fusion and quasifission, which can strongly affect the cross section of the compound nucleus formation, is taken into account. The evaporation residue cross sections ER calculated for the hot fusion actinide-based reactions (48Ca+245Cm, 48Ca+249Cf and 48Ca+249Bk) are basically in agreement with the known experimental data within one order of magnitude. Similar calculations for the synthesis of superheavy elements up to Z = 121 are performed using the available 249Bk, 249Cf and 243Am as targets and 48Ca, 50Ti and 58Fe as projectiles. Their production cross sections are relatively small,especially for the 58Fe+243Am→301121 reaction. A systematic analysis indicates that the 3n and 4n channelsare respectively the most favorable fusion-evaporation channels in the synthesis of even- and odd-Z superheavy elements.     

超重核292-310122同位素链的α衰变和自发裂变的竞争

基于推广的液滴模型(GLDM) 理论框架,计算了292-310122 同位素链的 衰变和自发裂变的半衰期。计算时的基本输入量为两子核的质量数和电荷数以及反应Q 值。GLDM能很好地描述重核和超重核的 衰变和自发裂变过程。计算结果表明,A < 308 时在同位素链上N = 176~184 的区域α衰变为主要衰变模式。A > 308 时在同位素链上自发裂变为主要衰变模式。308122 是α衰变和自发裂变的分界点,暗示着N = 184 为中子幻数。Based on the framework of the Generalized Liquid Droplet Model (GLDM), alpha decay and spontaneous fission half-lives for 292-310122 isotopes are studied. The calculation of the basic inputs which only need the two fragmentmass numbers, charge numbers and the Q value. GLDM can describe alpha decay and spontaneous fission the nuclei. It is found that the alpha decay is the dominant mode of decay for isotopes with mass number A < 308, and for those with A > 308 spontaneous fission is dominant. The demarcation between alpha decay and spontaneous fission is at 308122, which shows the presence of a spherical neutron shell closure at N = 184.     

生成超重核的熔合反应中的动力学形变效应

利用包含动力学势能面的双核模型对超重核的生成机制中的一些问题进行了研究。对双核系统的粒子交换势能面进行的计算结果表明,反应过程中原子核动力学形变对于粒子交换势能面的结构有显著的影响。进一步计算了生成超重核的熔合几率,结果显示,原子核的动力学形变导致内熔合位垒升高,进而明显降低了生成超重核的熔合几率。Some aspects in the fusion mechanism for the production of superheavy nuclei are investigated with the dinuclear system model with dynamical potential energy surface. The calculation results about the potential energy surface indicate that the inclusion of nuclear dynamical deformation affects the structure of potential energy surface significantly.The investigation on the fusion probability to synthesize superheavy nuclei indicates that the fusion probability decreases significantly due to the increase of the inner fusion barrier for the inclusion of the nuclear dynamical deformation.     

Ground State Properties of Superheavy Nuclei in Macroscopic-Microscopic Model

The ground state properties of superheavy nuclei are systematically calculated by the macroscopic- microscopic （MM） model with the Nilsson potential. The calculations well produced the ground state binding energies, α-decay energies, and half lives of superheavy nuclei. The calculated results are systematically compared with available experimental data. The calculated results are also compared with theoretical results from other MM models and from relativistic mean-field model. The calculations and comparisons show that the MM model is reliable in superheavy region and that the MM model results are not very sensitive to the choice of microscopic single-particle potential.