聚苯乙烯，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯对聚氯乙烯／氯化聚乙烯共混体流变性的影响

PVC/CPE blend modified by rigid particles has good combined properties. In this paper, the effeCts of rigid particles (PMMA. PS. CaCO,) on the rheological behavior of PVC/ CPE systems were studied. The results showed that the apparent viscosity (aha) were decreased, extrusion surface smooth and Newtonian fluidity were slightly improved by filling a little amount of rigid ploymers (PS. PMMA) to PVC/CPE blends. The fluid activition energy (E,). Newtonian fluidity. extrusion surface smooth and ba of PVC/CPE blends were increased by filling CaCO₃ and die swelling ratio was decreased.The newtonian fluidity. En and ηa of PVC/CPE/CaCO₃ blends can be decreased by filling rigid polymers,and good extrusion surface smooth and low die swelling ratio unchanged.     

十二烷基甜菜碱与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮相互作用的研究

通过表面张力测定和13CNMR、ESR波谱研究了十二烷基甜菜碱（C12BE）与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的相互作用．表面张力测定表明,在pH＝6．5及NaCI存在下,C12BE与PVP之间有明显的相互作用,可形成C12BE／PVP复合物,且C12BE－PVP混合溶液的β－lgc曲线出现2个转折点,第一个转折点时C12BE浓度c1（C12BE－PVP开始缔合）低于C12BE的cmc值;而第二个转折点时C12BE浓度c2（C12BE－PVP缔合达饱和）大于cmc值．（c2─c1）与PVP浓度呈线性关系．PVP降低C12BE胶束化标准自由能（△G0）随PVP浓度增加而增大．13CNMR测定表明,PVP骨架上α-CH、β-CH2和吡咯环上与N相连的亚甲基吸附于C12BE胶束表面的碳氢链部位,屏蔽了C12BE胶束表面碳氢链与水的接触．ESR波谱表明,PVP－C12BE聚集体"界面"的粘度高于C12BE胶束"界面"的粘度．     

拟合粘度曲线法研究高聚物的长链支化

本文介绍了用计算机试误法拟合粘度曲线,讨论支化参数的方法,本法可以同时确定支化临界分子量和支化程度,在此基础上可以同时得到支化参数及平均分子量、分子量分布.以聚乙烯标准参考物:SRM 1475(线型)、1476(支化物)及镍催化顺式聚丁二烯为对象介绍了上述方法.     

Electrospun nanofibers of poly（vinyl pyrrolidone）/Eu^3＋ and its photoluminescence properties

Nanofibers of poly（vinyl pyrrolidone） （PVP）/Eu^3＋ with diameters of 300-900 nm were prepared by using sol-gel processing and electrospinning technique. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, and photoluminescence （PL）. The results indicated that, Eu^3＋ was successfully embedded in the onedimensional hybrid nanofibers, and the PVP/Eu^3＋ hybrid nanofibers had favorable photoluminescence properties.     

CRYSTALLIZATION AND MELTING OF POLY（ETHYLENE OXIDE） CONFINED IN NANOSTRUCTURED PARTICLES WITH CROSS-LINKED SHELLS OF POLYBUTADIENE

Small fixed aggregates of a poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polybutadiene diblock copolymer(PEO-b-PB)in THFsolution were obtained by adding a selective solvent for PB blocks,followed by cross-linking the PB shells.Themorphologies of the nanostructured particles with a cross-linked shell were investigated by atomic force microscopy andtransmission electron microscopy.The average behaviors of the PEO crystallization and melting confined within thenanostructured particles were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry experiments.For the deeply cross-linkedsample(SCL-1),the crystallization of the PEO blocks was fully confined.The individual nanoparticles only crystallized atvery low crystallization temperatures(T_cs),wherein the homogenous primary nucleation determined the overallcrystallization rate.For the lightly cross-linked sample(SCL-2),the confinement effect was T_c dependent.At T_c(?)42℃,thecrystallization and melting behaviors of SCL-2 were similar to those of the pure PEO-b-PB diblock copolymer.At T_c>42℃,SCL-2 could form PEO lamellae thicker than those of the pure PEO-b-PB crystallized at the same T_c.     

用熔融指数仪测定聚乙烯熔体表观流动活化能实验中的有关问题

用熔融指数仪测定聚乙烯熔体表观流动活化能实验中的有关问题陈九顺（黑龙江大学化学系１５００８０）高聚物熔体的熔融指数（ＭＩ）是评价高聚物熔体流动行为的常用指标，它是在标准的熔融指数仪上测定的。所谓ＭＩ值是指高聚物熔体在规定温度、压力下，在１０ｍｉｎ内通...     

氯化聚乙烯弹性体的固相法合成

讨论了以固相法合成氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）弹性体的过程．实验结果表明，以固相氯化反应所得的ＣＰＥ，其大分子链上Ｃｌ取代基的分布比水相悬浮法更均匀．氯化过程的温度直接影响氯化速度及分子结构，如残留结晶、氯分布等．而聚乙烯颗粒表面与内部的氯化程度取决于氯化速度．大分子链上Ｃｌ取代基对邻近基团的氯化起阻碍作用     

LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES MODIFIED BY ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS： EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONALIZED SEGMENTS ON MORPHOLOGY

Melt extrusion was used to prepare binary nanocomposites of ethylene copolymers and organoclay and trinary nanocomposites of low-density polyethylene （LDPE）, ethylene copolymer and organoclay. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to analyze the structure of the clay phase and the morphology of the nanocomposites. Influences of the comonomer in the copolymer and the content of the copolymer on the morphology of the resulting nanocomposites were discussed. The binary and the trinary composites may form intercalated or exfoliated structures depending on the interaction between the copolymer and the clay layers and the content of the copolymer.     

氧气氛中紫外光辐照官能化HDPE的结构与性能研究

采用FT－IR，XPS，WAXD，DXC，凝胶和表面自由能力分析，研究了氧化氛中紫外辐照官能化高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）的化学结构、晶体结构和表面自由能的变化。与空气相比，在氧气氛中紫外辐照HDPE能提高C－O，C（＝O）O和C＝O等含氧基团的引入速度，同时又能降低HDPE中的凝胶含量，在空气和氧气氛中紫外辐照后，HDPE的晶型没有发生变化，仍为正交晶系；HDPE的晶胞参数a,b,c以及（110），（200），（020），（011），（111）等晶面间距基本保持不变；HDPE的熔融温度下降，但熔融热焓升高，结晶度增大，表面自由能增大，且在氧气氛中辐照HDPE的变化幅度较大。     

基于小波变换模极大法的聚乙烯催化剂表面分形分析

运用分形和小波相结合的方法研究负载型聚乙烯催化剂(简称催化剂)表面形态. 采用小波变换模极大(WTMM)法提取了催化剂表面多尺度边缘(细节)图像, 用分形和多重分形方法研究了各尺度边缘图像中边缘点的分布情况, 并用基于小波变换模极大的多重分形谱法讨论了催化剂边缘点奇异强度的分布状况. 研究结果表明, 催化剂的较小尺度边缘图像的分维和多重分形谱可以与催化剂的表面形态和活性进行较好的关联; 高活性催化剂的基于WTMM的多重分形谱的奇异强度跨度更宽, 拥有较多具有较高奇异强度的奇异点. 基于小波和分形对催化剂表面形态的研究, 发挥了小波和分形各自的优点, 为研究物体表面形态提供了思路.