STRUCTURING ＆ RHEOLOGY OF MOLTEN POLYMER／CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES

The evolution and the origin of “solid-like state” in molten polymer/clay nanocomposites are studied. Using polypropylene/clay hybrid (PPCH) with sufficient maleic anhydride modified PP (PP-MA) as compatibilizer, well exfoliation yet solid-like state was achieved after annealing in molten state. Comprehensive linear viscoelasticity and non-linear rheological behaviors together with WAXD and TEM are studied on PPCH at various dispersion stages focusing on time,temperature and deformation dependencies of the “solid-like” state in molten nanocomposites. Based on these, it is revealed that the solid-structure is developed gradually along with annealing through the stages of inter-layer expansion by PP-MA,the diffusion and association of exfoliated silicate platelets, the formation of band/chain structure and, finally, a percolated clay associated network, which is responsible for the melt rigidity or solid-like state. The network will be broken down by melt frozen/crystallization and weakened at large shear or strong flow and, even more surprisingly, may be disrupted by using trace amount of silane coupling agent which may block the edge interaction of platelets. The solid-like structure causes characteristic non-linear rheological behaviors, e.g. residual stress after step shear, abnormal huge stress overshoots in step flows and, most remarkably, the negative first normal stress functions in steady shear or step flows. The rheological and structural arguments challenge the existing models of strengthened entangled polymer network by tethered polymer chains connecting clay particles or by chains in confined melts or frictional interaction among tactoids. A scheme of percolated networking of associated clay platelets, which may in band form of edge connecting exfoliated platelets, is suggested to explain previous experimental results.     

镧掺杂粘土源含铜氧化物催化剂的制备、表征及催化性能

采用共沉淀和水热法合成了不同阴离子粘土前驱型复合氧化物催化材料,样品经XRD,FTIR,TPR,TG-DSC,SEM进行表征.同时考察了铜含量在掺杂和不掺杂稀土时对甲烷催化燃烧的影响,结果发现随含铜量增加催化活性增加;未掺杂La的催化剂在高温下出现失活现象,而掺杂型催化剂稳定性良好.同时,制备方法对催化剂的性能有显著影响,在不同制备前驱物pH的条件下,使用共沉淀和水热法合成的阴离子粘土材料,合成时的pH均对催化剂的活性影响较大;同时焙烧温度对催化活性有不同程度的影响.     

Cu含量对Cu/Al-Ce-PILC上丙烯选择性催化还原NO反应的影响

 采用聚合羟基复合阳离子合成交联粘土Al-Ce-PILC,经SO2-4改性后,以浸渍法制备了用于C3H6选择性还原NO反应的铜基交联粘土催化剂Cu/Al-Ce-PILC. 用XRD,XPS和TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了Cu含量对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明,Cu负载未改变Al-Ce-PILC的结构; w(Cu)=2%时,Cu物种以Cu+和Cu2+两种形式存在,催化剂具有最高的催化活性和较宽的操作温度范围,在反应气组成为0.22%NO-0.12%C3H6-2.0%O2-97.66%He,空速为 24000 h-1和温度为350 ℃的条件下,NO转化率可达56.4%,700 ℃下仍可达22.3%; w(Cu)=5%时,催化剂中有明显的CuO物相存在,该物相促进C3H6的深度氧化,从而降低了NO选择性还原反应的性能.     

六氨合钴离子交换法测定粘土中阳离子交换容量

六氨合钴离子「Ｃｏ（ＮＨ３）６」＾３＋具有与粘土中主要阳离子（Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｈ＾＋等）交换的能力。稳定性好,并在４７４ｎｍ处有最大吸收。利用分光光度法,以「Ｃｏ（ＮＨ３）６」＾３＋作为交换离子,测定阳离子交换容量。试验表明,在ＰＨ７－８,常温条件下７ｈ交换达到平衡;在８０℃时３ｈ可以达到平衡。粘土中共生的非粘土矿物、游离金离离子不干扰其测定。用该法测得的阳离子交换容量值与氯化铵溶液法,盐基分是测定法测得的结果一致。     

基于电阻率法研究矿物掺合料对铝酸盐水泥水化的影响

借助电阻率测定仪、XRD等研究了粉煤灰、矿渣或硅灰的掺入对铝酸盐水泥浆体凝结时间、电阻率、化学收缩、抗压强度以及水化产物的影响.结果表明,水泥浆体的凝结时间对应于其电阻率变化曲线的下降段,掺入硅灰能明显缩短水泥浆体的凝结时间.矿物掺合料的掺入可减少水泥浆体的化学收缩,提高其化学收缩速率峰值.相较于硅灰和粉煤灰,掺入矿渣...     

粉煤灰在混凝土中的作用与机理浅析

本文论述了粉煤灰在混凝土中的作用与机理,不但能部分替代水泥,降低工程造价,而且对于改善环境和提高混凝土性能具有重要的意义。     

公路工程红粘土路基的病害与处治探讨

特殊土在我国工程建设不良工程地质现象中占有举足轻重的地位，在诸多省市自治区分布广泛。因此，有针对性地开展特殊土地带公路修筑关键技术研究，既是我国交通运输事业持续发展的必然需求，也是我国交通科技发展规划的重大决策。     

杨村煤矿副井千米深的地面粘土注浆施工技术探析

本文就从杨村煤矿的生产技术和水文地质条件来谈谈杨村煤矿副井千米深的地面粘土注浆施工技术,提出设计方案,预测效果并分析得出结论。     

粘土调剖剂对中低渗透层的污染及其解除方法

用动滤失仪评价了粘土调剖剂对中低渗透层的污染情况，研究表明，注入压力越高，中低渗透层的污染越严重；地层的非均质程度越高，中低渗透层的污染越小，解除污染的方法有返排法和土酸酸化法，试验证明，返排法不能从根本上解除污染，常规土酸化方法的效果较好。     

高岭石在溶出过程中相变行为的研究

本试验专门从铝土矿中采集并分离,制得了富含高岭石的矿块,用该矿块定量地研究了温度、时间和石灰添加量等因素对高岭石溶解性能以及对拜耳赤泥相成分、相变化的影响,并且计算出了赤泥的相组成。