抗稻瘟病细胞突变体筛选技术体系的建立

以稻瘟病菌粗毒素提取液为选择压,选取籼稻材料缙2B、缙恢36和缙恢10进行抗稻瘟病突变体的筛选．结果表明：1）在成熟胚诱导产生愈伤组织过程中,2,4-D是诱导愈伤的关键因子,3种材料在附加2mg／L2,4-D的NB培养基（NBD2）上诱导产生的愈伤较好．2）粗毒素对3种材料的胚根、胚芽、愈伤组织的生长都有着明显的抑制作用,表明粗毒素具有一定的致病力,其毒性并不与浓度完全成正比关系,而是在一定范围内随浓度的增加而增加．在毒素浓度为45％时,缙2B胚根和胚芽生长受到抑制的程度最大,而缙恢36和缙恢10则在30％浓度中生长受到明显抑制．3）粗毒素对3种材料的愈伤组织成活率及再生频率有着明显的抑制作用,其程度随浓度的增加而增大,当稻瘟病粗毒素浓度为60％时,愈伤组织不生长,并变褐死亡,最终选择45％的毒素浓度进行2次继代抗性筛选并获得再生植株．     

泸州杂交水稻稻瘟病菌生理小种变化品种抗稻瘟性鉴定

对近年来泸州稻瘟病生理小种的变化及50个生产应用的杂交稻组合的抗病性进行了监测,结果表明：泸州稻瘟病菌生理小种组成以ZA及ZB群为主,从2004年起ZA群呈逐年上升趋势;ZA群的毒力频率高于ZB群;稻瘟病常发区稻瘟病菌生理小种组成比非常发区更复杂,致病力更强;供试50个杂交稻中,有17个组合的抗病频率在50％以上,占34．0％,其中,抗病频率在70％以上的组合仅有4个;中、高抗颈瘟的组合19个,占38．0％,其中,高抗颈瘟的组合有川香8号、内香优1号、内香优3号、冈优94—14、Q优5号．最后根据研究结果提出了今后泸州稻瘟病防控策略．     

区试水稻品种的Pi-km基因的分析

稻瘟病抗性基因Pi-km是稻瘟病抗性位点Pik上的一个主效抗病等位基因,由两个紧密连锁的具有独立功能的NBS-LRR类基因(Pikm1-TS和Pikm2-TS)组成,Pi-km基因介导的稻瘟病抗性需要Pikm1-TS与Pikm2-TS所编码的蛋白共同作用,而当只有Pikm2-TS或Pikm1-TS其中之一时,水稻则表现为感性。实验利用抗稻瘟病基因Pi-km的Indel分子标记设计引物,对2012年62份长江上游国家水稻区域试验材料和97份2012年陕西省水稻区域试验材料进行Pi-km基因型分型研究,以期为稻瘟病抗性育种提供参考。     

Isolation, Crystal Structure and Inhibitory Activity against Magnaporthe Grisea of （2R,3R）-3,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone 3-Acetate from Myoporum Bontioides A. Gray

The title compound, (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone 3-acetate, is a flavanonol derivative which was first isolated from Myoporum bontioides A. Gray and characterized by MS, NMR and CD spectra. In addition, the structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the triclinic lattice, space group P21 with a = 10.686(3), b = 6.862(2), c = 11.267(3) , β = 107.46(1), V = 788.3(4) 3, Z = 2, C17H16O7, Mr = 332.30, Dc = 1.400 g/cm3, μ(MoKα) = 0.110 mm-1, F(000) = 348, the final R = 0.0283 and wR = 0.0826 for 3428 independent reflections (Rint = 0.017) and 1500 observed ones (I > 2σ(I)). The structure consists of one flavone and one water molecule. The flavone molecules form a 1D column by the p…π stacking interactions and C–H…O hydrogen bonds. The weak intermolecular/intermolecular O–H…O hydrogen bonds observed in the crystal give further rise to a complicated network structure. Primary bioassay showed that the title compound has high inhibitory activity against Magnaporthe grisea with the EC50 values of 199.41 μg/mL.     

稻瘟病宏观控制方法

根据川南和渝南主栽品种抗瘟性变化历史资料,分析了1992年和1998年稻瘟病菌不同致病种群变化与品种组成关系.首次提出了利用菌株回接毒力频率与其平均毒力频率差数相比较,确定品种感病化程度,作为调整品种群体结构的科学依据,以达到宏观控制稻瘟病的目的.     

新型含硫吡唑杂环的合成及其抗稻瘟病菌活性研究

以吡唑为母体化合物,通过3条路径合成了吡唑二硫代氨基甲酸酯、吡唑硫代酰胺,以及氟虫腈中间体衍生物等共计14种含硫吡唑杂环化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS(ESI)表征。采用生长速率法测试了化合物对稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe Grisea)的抑菌活性。结果表明： 在100 mg·L^-1浓度下,化合物2f,2i, 3c有良好的抗稻瘟病菌活性,抑制率分别为81.9%、65.3%、63.6%。      

稻瘟病的发生与防治技术

稻瘟病是水稻的一种主要病害,多年来在我地都有所发生,极大的影响了水稻的产量和质量。为此,笔者就稻瘟病防治作一简介。     

转多个抗真菌蛋白基因水稻植株的获得及其抗稻瘟病菌的？…

用基因枪法将水稻碱性几丁质酶（ＲＣ２４）基因、芷蓿葡聚糖酶（β－Ｇｌｕ）基因、大麦核糖体失活蛋白（Ｂ－ＲＩＰ）基因和潮霉素基因同时导入籼稻品种（七丝软占）中,获得了个潮霉素抗性再生系,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ证明２－３个抗真菌蛋白基因已整合到水稻基因组中,初步抗性鉴定表明ＲＯ代转基因水稻植株对稻瘟病菌的抗生有所提高。     

可溶性水稻凝集素与水稻稻瘟病关系的研究

以水稻的７ 个鉴别品种为材料,对可溶性水稻凝集素与水稻稻瘟病的关系进行了研究结果表明７ 个鉴别品种,不论抵抗或感染稻瘟病品种的稻胚凝集素都有较高的凝集活性（２５～２８）,在ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ中都呈４ 条带,且位置相同在水稻的不同生长期,可溶性水稻凝集素活性均测不到稻瘟病菌分生孢子表面结构检测结果表明,稻瘟病菌分生孢子壁表面糖外被是半乳糖,可溶性稻胚凝集素是与Ｎ乙酰葡萄糖胺专性结合以上结果说明可溶性水稻凝集素与稻瘟病抗性无关     

Proteomic analysis of blast-resistant near-isogenic lines derived from japonica rice,var. Yunyin,infected with Magnaporthe oryzae

Rice blast is one of the most devastating dis- eases in the world and outbreaks occur frequently. The differences in protein expression between blast resistant and susceptible near-isogenic lines （NILs） of japonica rice var. Yunyin infected with Magnaporthe oryzae were ana- lyzed using proteomics, indicated that 67 different proteins were identified from 75 obtained proteins using the matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique. Seven specific expression proteins, 43 up-regulated proteins and 17 down-regulated proteins were identified among the 67 proteins. The bioinformatical analysis demonstrated that these 67 different proteins were involved in many biological physiological processes including five proteins related to photosynthesis, 25 pro- teins related to metabolism, six proteins related to anti- oxidants, 10 proteins related to protein synthesis and modification, five proteins related to signal transduction,four proteins related to adversity stress and 12 non-func- tional proteins. These identified proteins were directly or indirectly related to stress. Five proteins related to different physiological processes were selected. Their cDNA sequences were predicted and their expression patterns were analyzed using real-time PCR, demonstrated that the genes would response to M. oryzae and the response blindingly different between blast resistant and blast sus- ceptible NILs.