对中学物理教学方法的思考与探索

本文对物理教学中常见的三种课型--实验教学课、知识教学课和习题教学课的基本教学方法进行了分析,参照现代教学理论的新成果,兼收并蓄,设计了一种新的课堂教学模式--系统教学法.这种教学法,能有效地减轻学生的课业负担,全面提高物理教学质量.     

基于Solidworks制图实验的研究与应用

从机械制图教学的特点出发.结合SolidWorks软件的特点,利用SolidWorks的三维立体造型功能.工程科功能.装配体功能及动态演示功能.通过基本体.组合体.相贯线及装毫体等制图实验,较大地缩短认知周期,提高教学效果.     

双面加热环形通道内干涸点的确定

根据环形管通道内流体流动和换热的特点,以Kirillov和Smogalev提出的干涸点理论模型假设为基础,从最基本的质量守恒方程出发,并引入临界液膜厚度等相应的辅助模型,得到了双面加热环形通道内流动沸腾干涸点的理论模型。同时针对间隙为1.0mm和1.5mm的环形窄缝进行了低压低质量流速工况下干涸点的实验研究。比较发现理论模型预测值与实验结果基本相符。说明本文提出的理论模型适用于低压低流量条件下的窄环形通道。实验同时发现:环状流临界热流密度在系统压力为2.2MPa达到最大值,临界含汽量随质量流速的增大呈缓慢下降趋势。     

双脉冲电子束源实验

2MeV直线感应加速器注入器系统由电子束产生器和脉冲功率系统组成。电子束产生器包括由感应腔组成的阴极电压叠加器、阳极电压叠加器和真空二极管及束输运系统。脉冲功率系统则包含初级功率源Marx、次级功率源Blumlein线和触发系统，其作用是为感应腔提供一个具有数十纳秒平顶宽度的高压脉冲，激发感应腔在感应腔间隙上获得一个加速电场。在2MeV注入器功率系统中，4个Blumlein线的充气开关是由发散装置的输出触发信号进行导通控制的。通过控制发散输出触发信号到达Blumlein线开关的时间，即可以实现Blumlein线开关在不同时间内触发导通，使Blumlein线依据所设定的时间顺序输出激励脉冲，从而在真空二极管上获得高压脉冲串。由于功率系统采用的是182C结构，即一根Blumlein线驱动两个感应腔，因此最多可以实现四脉冲串列。     

氢原子光谱实验研究

氢原子的结构简单，其光谱具有明显的规律，各种原子光谱线规律性的研究首先是在氢原子上得到突破。通过测量氢光谱可见谱线的波长，能较准确测定氢的里德伯常数，可使学生对近代物理测量有初步了解。     

Probing the Microscopic Origin of Gravity via Precision Polarization and Spin Experiments

As in other parts of physics, we advocate the interaction approach: experiments ←→ (… are influenced and their importance is determined by … and vice versa) phenomenology ←→ low-energy effective (field) theory ←→ microscopic theory to probe the microscopic origin of gravity, Using the X-g phenomenological framework, we discuss the tests of equivalence principles. The only experimentally unconstrained degree of freedom is the axion freedom. It has effects on the long-range astrophysical/cosmological propagation of electromagnetic waves and can be tested/measured using the future generation of polarization measurement of cosmic background radiation.The verification or refutal of this axionic effect will be a crucial step for constructing an effective theory and probing the microscopic origin of gravity. The interaction of spin with gravity is another important clue for probing the microscopic origin of gravity. The interplay of experiments, phenomenology and effective theory are expounded. An ideal way to reveal the microscopic origin of gravity is to measure the gyrogravitational ratio of particles, Three potential experimental methods are considered.     

Experimental Study of Effect of Medium Boundary on Light Distribution in Tissue Phantoms

An experimental method for investigating the effect of medium boundary on distributions of light in the biological tissue phantom intralipid is presented. Measurements of distributions of light in intralipid-10% suspensions at 633 nm are described, in which a narrow collimated beam is incident on the surface of the phantoms and into the different depths inside of the phantoms. The experimental results show that the effect of the boundary of the medium on the curves geometry of light distributions is trivial, but the effect on intensity of scattering light is obvious, the maximal relative change of the energy fluence reaches 53.8% and the position of the peak of the energy fluence curve has a shift of 1.1 mm in the reverse direction of incident light for the phantom with albedo a=0.998, and the effect of the boundary is decreased with the increase of the absorption coefficients of tissue phantoms. The experimental results were analysed by the diffusion theory. These studies will be helpful for further understandings of the relation between the boundary of biological tissue and the distribution of light in tissue.     

《体育与健康》课程改革中的实验研究

新课程倡导一种课程共建文化,需要教师重新认识和确立自己的角色,重视教师和学生的课程参与,在教学目标上贯彻"健康第一"的指导思想,以身体、心理、社会三维健康观为目标,发展学生探究式学习,培养学生的观察能力、创造能力和独立思考能力。我们教师应当创设民主的教学环境,建立课堂集体研究策略和评价机制,使师生之间、同学之间有一种畅所欲言的、生动活泼的教学气氛。挖掘学生潜能,培养学生运动参与和发现的能力,不再埋怨学生的纪律不好,用兴趣激发代替纪律约束,常常会受到事半功倍的效果,学生才会乐此不疲、乐歌而至。     

乐学在无机化学实验教学中开发学生潜能力的应用

将乐学手段与学科特点有机结合，创造乐学途径是培养和开发学生潜能的有效途径。