在涂层TiO2改性铜催化剂上甲醇脱氢制甲酸甲酯

在常压和２５０℃下，考察了涂层ＴｉＯ２改性铜催化剂上甲醇脱氢生成甲酸甲酯的活性和选择性以及催化剂的稳定性。结果表明，涂层ＴｉＯ２明显提高了铜催化剂的活性和稳定性。在所考察的铜催化剂中，以Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ２／ＡｌＯ３的催化活性最高，甚至高于离子交换法制备的Ｃｕ（ｅｘ）／ＳｉＯ２催化剂。ＸＰＳ分析表明，Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ２／ＡｌＯ３中存在着两种化学环境不同的ＣＵ（０），即负载在ｒ－ＡＬＯ３和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３     

由XPS研究CO2在低压甲醇合成中的作用

本文应用XPS,在模拟工业催化剂和实际操作条件下,对低压甲醇合成铜基催化剂的表面形态进行了研究.结果表明,在还原及反应状态下,催化剂表面没有稳定的Cu~(2+)、Cu~+离子存在,仅Cu~0能被检测到;ZnO被还原,形成缺氧结构ZnOx(X≤1),表面出现氧空位.认为高度分散的Cu~0与其紧密接触的部分还原的ZnOx联合组成了甲醇合成的表面活性中心,也即表面上的Cu-Zn-O(“口”为氧空位)构成了最佳合成活性单元.提出反应原料气中适量CO_2的加入有助于金属Cu微晶的分散,认为CO_2的作用主要是使反应气氛中含有一定的氧化势,它与原料气中的CO+H_2一起,对金属Cu微晶起氧化还原作用.CO_2可将Cu~0氧化成Cu~(?+)(甚至Cu~+).但Cu~(?+)会马上被CO+H_2还原成Cu~0.通过这样的氧化还原循环,阻止了Cu微晶的聚集长大,延长了催化剂的使用寿命.     

Selective Oxidation of Methane to Methanol Using Molecular Oxygen on MoOx／（LaCoO3＋Co3O4） Catalysts

Comparatively high CH3OH selectivity (60.0%) and yield (6.7%) were obtained on MoOx/(LaCoO3 Co3O4) catalysts in selective oxidation of methane to methanol using molecular oxygen as oxidant. The interaction between MoOx and La-Co-oxide modified the molecular structure of molybdenum oxide and the ratio of O^-/O^2- on the catalyst surface, which controlled the catalytic performance of MoOx/(LaCoO3 Co3O4) catalysts.     

探究Cu/ZnO相互作用对CO2加氢制甲醇反应性能的影响

Using renewable green hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO₂) to produce methanol is one of the fundamental ways to reduce CO₂ emissions in the future, and research and development related to catalysts for efficient and stable methanol synthesis is one of the key factors in determining the entire synthesis process. Metal nanoparticles stabilized on a support are frequently employed to catalyze the methanol synthesis reaction. Metal-support interactions (MSIs) in these supported catalysts can play a significant role in catalysis. Tuning the MSI is an effective strategy to modulate the activity, selectivity, and stability of heterogeneous catalysts. Numerous studies have been conducted on this topic; however, a systematic understanding of the role of various strengths of MSI is lacking. Herein, three Cu/ZnO-SiO₂ catalysts with different strengths of MSI, namely, normal precipitation Cu/ZnO-SiO₂ (Nor-CZS), co-precipitation Cu/ZnO-SiO₂ (Co-CZS), and reverse precipitation Cu/ZnO-SiO₂ (Re-CZS), were successfully prepared to determine the role of such interactions in the hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol. The results of temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization illustrated that the MSI of the catalysts was considerably affected by the precipitation sequence. Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR) results indicated that the Cu species existed as CuO in all cases and that copper phyllosilicate was absent (except for strong Cu-SiO₂ interaction). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N₂O chemical titration results revealed that strong interactions between the Cu and Zn species would promote the dispersion of Cu species, thereby leading to a higher CO₂ conversion rate and improved catalytic stability. As expected, the Re-CZS catalyst exhibited the highest activity with 12.4% CO₂ conversion, followed by the Co-CZS catalyst (12.1%), and the Nor-CZS catalyst (9.8%). After the same reaction time, the normalized CO₂ conversion of the three catalysts decreased in the following order: Re-CZS (75%) > Co-CZS (70%) > Nor-CZS (65%). Notably, the methanol selectivity of the Re-CZS catalyst was found to level off after a prolonged period, in contrast to that of Co-CZS and Nor-CZS. Investigation of the structural evolution of the catalyst with time on stream revealed that the high methanol selectivity of the catalyst was caused by the reconstruction of the catalyst, which was induced by the strong MSI between the Cu and Zn species, and the migration of ZnO onto Cu species, which caused an enlargement of the Cu/ZnO interface. This work offers an alternative strategy for the rational and optimized design of efficient catalysts.     

极性非质子溶剂与甲醇或1,2-二氯乙烷的汽液平衡

使用双沸点仪测定了丙酮、乙酸乙酯、对二氧六环、乙腈或三乙胺与甲醇或1,2→二氯乙烷以及二者混合物等十一组二元体系在99.3 kPa下的汽液平衡数据(T,x,p), 计算了有关体系的过量吉布斯自由能。结果表明, 六种非质子溶剂与甲醇组成的二元系GE>0; 乙腈或三乙胺与1,2-二氯乙烷组成的二元系GE>0, 而丙酮、乙酸乙酯或对二氧六环与1,2-二氯乙烷的二元混合物GE<0。从同种分子间或不同种分子间的缔合作用对上述结果进行了讨论。本文还在固定极性非质子溶剂(第三组分)物质的量浓度的条件下, 测定了非质子溶剂+1,2-二氯乙烷+甲醇三元混合物的汽液平衡数据, 考察了非质子溶剂的加入对甲醇+1,2-二氯乙烷二元系GE的影响。     

红腐乳及含油着色食品中苏丹红Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ的高效液相色谱法测定

建立了凝胶色谱净化、高效液相色谱检测红腐乳等含油及着色食品中苏丹红Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ的方法.用V(正己烷或乙酸乙酯):V(环己烷)=1:1提取检测食品中的苏丹红,经凝胶色谱(GPC)去除样品中分子量较大的油脂和天然色素等干扰物后,用HPLC-DAD检测.该方法在浓度0.1～20mg/L有良好的线性关系,苏丹红Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ的相关系数分别为0.9999,0.9999,0.9981,0.9900;回收率在70%～96%;检出低限为7.8μg/kg.     

NdOx作为助催化剂对PtRu/C电催化氧化甲醇活性的影响

采用沉积-还原法制备了PtRu-NdOx/C催化剂, 借助TEM、EDS和XRD等测试手段对其进行了微结构和组成的表征. 结果表明, 催化剂中Pt与Ru以合金形式存在, 而Nd的氧化物则以无定形形态存在. 催化剂粒子的平均粒径在2 nm左右, 晶胞参数为0.3896 nm, Nd氧化物的加入对PtRu合金的晶体结构影响不明显. 采用循环伏安法和计时电流法, 比较了PtRu-NdOx/C催化剂和PtRu /C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性, 结果表明, 加入Nd的氧化物作为助催化剂能明显提高PtRu /C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能.     

甲烷光催化氧化制甲醇研究进展

随着经济的发展，人们对能源的需求量日益增加．目前，世界上石油资源储量有限，而天然气是非常丰富的石油化工燃料资源，储量很大．现已探明的世界天然气储量为142．1万亿立方米，其能量相当于9143亿桶原油，远景储量为250～350万亿立方米．天然气资源与液体石油资源相比，其储量     

铑碘催化剂催化甲醇羰基化反应的IRC解析

在HF/LANL2DZ水平上, 采用能量梯度法, 研究了铑碘催化剂催化甲醇羰基化反应循环中各基元反应的反应物、中间体、过渡态、产物的几何结构, 并计算了它们势能面的变化. 通过对各基元反应过渡态的IRC解析, 证实了所得各类几何结构是甲醇羰基化铑碘催化循环反应途径上的驻点, 完整给出了循环反应过程中分子沿极小能量途径在各基元反应过程中的构型变化, 并提出了中间体构型转换在循环反应过程中的作用. 通过结构分析, 提出了顺式和反式催化循环反应两种途径之间除催化活性物顺反异构关联外, 还可以通过中间体构型转换关联, 其活化能为49.79 kJ/mol, 并且在还原消除基元反应步骤有既非顺式也非反式的情况, 证明该循环反应可能经历多个途径实现, 但无论何种途径, 碘甲烷氧化加成基元反应是整个循环反应过程的速控步骤.     

直接甲醇燃料电池阴极电催化剂的研究进展

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)功率密度高，燃料甲醇价格低廉、储存和携带方便，特别适合作为电动车和小型电子设备的电源，是目前燃料电池研究领域的一个热点。本文介绍了40年来DMFC阴极电催化剂的发展历史及现状，并针对目前严重影响DMFC性能的“甲醇透过”问题，阐述了研制耐甲醇阴极电催化剂的重要性，讨论了今后DMFC阴极电催化剂的发展趋势。