冷熔合反应合成超重元素的进展

综述了自提出冷熔合反应作为合成原子序数 Z>1 0 6号超重元素的最主要反应机制以来 ,冷熔合合成超重元素所取得的重大成就及其进展至目前所面临的困惑 .详细介绍了最近国际上围绕 1 1 8号元素合成以及对以冷熔合反应合成 Z>1 1 2号超重元素前景上的争论 .讨论了在我国现有实验条件下 ,基于冷熔合机制开展超重元素合成面临的问题. The great successes of cold fusion reaction which was suggested as the most important production mechanism for superheavy element of Z >106, as the well as the main hot point problems in recent research of superheavy element synthesis are reviewed. Some different opinions around the synthesis of the superheavy element of Z =118 and the further prospect of utilizing cold fusion reactions to the syntheses of superheavy elements of Z >112 are introduced in detail...     

超重核的生成和衰变

简单介绍了近年来在超重核研究方面所取得的成就和理论方面所面临的挑战.着重介绍推广的液滴模型和准分子形状机制,它们的优点是考虑了精确的核半经、质量和电荷的不对称性、形变、亲和力和温度等.推广的液滴模型和准分子形状机制能很好地描述重核和超重核的裂变、衰变及完全熔合反应.The progress and challenge on studies of superheavy elements both experiments and theories has been briefly introduced. It is emphasis to introduce a generalized liquid drop model, including the proximity effects, the asymmetry, an accurate nuclear radius, and quasi molecular shapes. The α decay half lives of 373 nuclei and superheavy elements have been calculated in the generalized liquid drop model and compared with the available experimental data. The deformed energies have also been obtained ...     

分子马达的三态周期跳跃模型

研究了在一维三态周期跳跃模型下分子马达的定向运动.对于给定的任意初始分布,得出了与时间有关的几率分布的解析表达式,包括到达稳态之前的所有的瞬态过程,由此可获得马达在各个时刻的漂移速度v、扩散系数D以及描述马达随机性质的随机参数r(randomness parameter ).同时还计算了马达到达稳态所需要的特征时间.并把计算结果同实验进行了比较.     

共线量子散射方法研究D+CID体系

用共线量子散射方法计算D+CID体系的反应几率和传能几率。发现存在很强的振荡现象。体系的碰撞中间态的寿命的计算结果为fs-ps数量级。当某一反应通道打开时,在能量阈值附近通常都伴随着一些长寿命的碰撞中间态。这一点该体系中表现很比较明显。     

三维含时量子散射研究H+ClH体系

用三维含时量子散射理论模拟了H+GlH体系在BW2,mBW2,G3势能面上的动力学行为.其计算结果表明,振动量子态对反应几率影响很大;势能面的地形对转动量子态如何影响反应几率起重要作用;反应几率表现出"黄金规则".此外,BW2,mBW2势能面上的反应几率几乎相同,而G3势能面上的反应几率较前者低,大概由于G3的势垒高的缘故.     

自熔合金炉内重熔结合机理分析

分析了自熔合金炉内重熔工艺的特点 ,在大量实验的基础上提出了炉内重熔结合机制     

从玻耳兹曼熵公式推导克劳修斯熵公式

从热力学中平衡态对应于统计物理最可几态出发,直接由玻耳兹曼熵公式推导了克劳修斯熵公式,使两个熵的一致性更为直观化,从而加强了理论的连贯性,使讲授更具体条理化和系统性。     

在关联噪声驱动下双稳系统的MFPT

讨论了在关联噪声驱动下双稳系统的瞬变性质 ,计算了该系统的平均第一通过时间 (MFPT) .数值计算表明 :在正关联的条件下 (λ>0 ) ,MFPT随噪声关联τ增大而减少 ;在负关联的条件下 (λ <0 ) ,MFPT随τ增大而增大 .同时还发现 ,在完全正关联的条件下 (λ=1 ) ,若加性噪声强度等于乘性噪声强度 (α =D) ,则MFPT趋于无穷大 ;若α/D≈ 0 .87,则平均第一通过时间等于零 .     

重离子熔合反应与双核模型

简单介绍了兰州-北京-吉森合作组对合成超重核的重离子反应进行的初步研究。研究的重点是熔合阶段的反应机制。在原有双核模型的基础上做了一些改进,把耗散相对运动过程与核子转移过程耦合起来,从更微观的角度来描写双核系统向全熔合复合核的演化。在双核过程中的每一步求解主方程,不对驱动势做谐振子近似。同时,还探讨了原子核形变与相对取向对驱动势的影响,存活几率与复合核蒸发中子的奇偶效应,以及入射道中原子核非弹性激发对俘获截面的影响等。In recent years, the Lanzou-Beijing-Giessen collaboration has studied the heavy ion reactions which are lead to the formation of super-heavy nuclei. The study emphases the mechanism of the fusion stage of the reactions. Based on the so called Di-nuclear System Model, some improvements have been made. The main points are the coupling of the dissipation of relative motion energy, angular momentum with nucleon transfer, and solving the Master equation in every step of the nucleon transfer with exact driving potentials, in order to describe the evolution of the system more microscopically. At the same time, we also discussed the effects of nuclear deformation and their relative orientation on the driving potentials, and studied the survive probability of the compound nuclei and its old-even effects, as well as the influence of inelastic excitations of nuclei in entrance channels to the capture cross sections.     

反常扩散:定向通过一个势能鞍点

考虑一个处于非Ohmic环境下的系统定向通过一个倒谐振子势鞍点的输运过程,给出了通过几率的解析式。结果表明在欠扩散情况下,时间有关的通过几率出现一个很强的超前峰和回流,这可能有助于理解重核熔合系统的激发函数随质心能量的慢增长机制。Directional transport of a particle in a non-Ohmic environment passing over the saddle point of a potential is considered and the analytical expression of the passing probability is obtained. Our results has shown that both overshooting and backflow are observed in the case of subdiffusion. This is a possible for understanding slow increasing of the fusion probability with the center-of-mass energy.