微波辅助快速制备2D/1D ZnIn2S4/TiO2 S型异质结及其光催化制氢性能

The threat and global concern of energy crises have significantly increased over the last two decades. Because solar light and water are abundant on earth, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through water splitting has been considered as a promising route to produce green energy. Therefore, semiconductor photocatalysts play a key role in transforming sunlight and water to hydrogen energy. To date, various photocatalysts have been studied. Among them, TiO₂ has been extensively investigated because of its non-toxicity, high chemical stability, controllable morphology, and high photocatalytic activity. In particular, 1D TiO₂ nanofibers (NFs) have attracted increasing attention as effective photocatalysts because of their unique 1D electron transfer pathway, high adsorption capacity, and high photoinduced electron–hole pair transfer capability. However, TiO₂ NFs are considered as an inefficient photocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) because of their disadvantages such as a large band gap (~3.2 eV) and fast recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. Therefore, the development of a high-performance TiO₂ NF photocatalyst is required for efficient solar light conversion. In recent years, several strategies have been explored to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ NFs, including coupling with narrow-bandgap semiconductors (such as ZnIn₂S₄). Recently, microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis has been considered as an important strategy for the preparation of photocatalyst semiconductors because of its low cost, environment-friendliness, simplicity, and high reaction rate. Herein, to overcome the above-mentioned limiting properties of TiO₂ NFs, we report a 2D/1D ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ S-scheme heterojunction synthesized through a microwave (MW)-assisted process. Herein, the 2D/1D ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ S-scheme heterojunction was constructed rapidly by using in situ 2D ZnIn₂S₄nanosheets decorated on 1D TiO₂ NFs. The loading of ZnIn₂S₄ nanoplates on the TiO₂ NFs could be easily controlled by adjusting the molar ratios of ZnIn₂S₄ precursors to TiO₂ NFs. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples for water splitting under simulated solar light irradiation was assessed. The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic performance of the ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ composites was significantly improved, and the obtained ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ composites showed increased optical absorption. Under optimal conditions, the highest HER rate of the ZT-0.5 (molar ratio of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂= 0.5) sample was 8774 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, which is considerably higher than those of pure TiO₂ NFs (3312 μmol·g^-1·h^-1) and ZnIn₂S₄nanoplates (3114 μmol·g^-1·h^-1) by factors of 2.7 and 2.8, respectively. Based on the experimental data and Mott-Schottky analysis, a possible mechanism for the formation of the S-scheme heterojunction between ZnIn₂S₄ and TiO₂ was proposed to interpret the enhanced HER activity of the ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂heterojunctionphotocatalysts.      

交换耦合稀土永磁微观结构优化及其实现途径

针对纳米复相永磁材料发展中存在的问题, 阐述了交换耦合作用及其对微观结构的要求.在微观结构的优化方面提出了一些思路, 并介绍了成分优化和制备工艺优化(熔炼、快淬及晶化)等实现途径, 以更好地发挥该材料潜在的高性能.     

有序自组装聚合物纳米结构

采用水辅助方法(water-assisted fabrication method),分别以4-十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI-DBSA)和聚2-甲氧基-5-(2′-乙烯基-己氧基)苯乙炔(MEH-PPV)两种功能高聚物为成膜材料,冷凝水滴为模板,利用水滴在聚合物溶液表面的自组装,制备出了两种纳米层次以上的蜂窝状有序多孔聚合物薄膜.通过原子力显微镜和共聚焦荧光显微镜对其形貌、电学性质和荧光图像进行了表征.     

表面活性剂的基体辅助激光解吸电离/质谱分析表征

利用基体辅助激光解吸电离／质谱（MALDI－MS）技术对表面活性剂的分析表征进行了详细研究。以2，5－二羟基苯甲酸作为基体，考察MALDI样品制备方法如液滴干燥法、快速干燥法及三明治法对测定结果的影响，发现三明治方法更适合表面活性剂的分析。MALDI可以准确测定离子型表面活性剂的分子量，同时对于非离子型表面活性剂，还可以测定其平均聚合度和分子量的分布。     

微波辅助萃取/气相-质谱联用分析蔬菜中的有机磷农药

 建立了微波辅助萃取 (MAE) /气相 质谱联用法 (GC MS)测定蔬菜样品中二嗪磷、对硫磷、水胺硫磷的分析方法 ,研究了不同溶剂的萃取效率。选择二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂 ,采用二因素三水平的正交设计实验优化了萃取溶剂体积和萃取时间。方法的线性范围分别为二嗪磷和对硫磷 4ng/ g～ 40 0ng/ g、水胺硫磷 2 0ng/ g～ 40 0ng/ g,检出限分别为二嗪磷 0 2 9ng/g、对硫磷 1 70ng/g、水胺硫磷 2 30ng/g。测定 2 0 0 0ng/g和 50 0ng/g加标蔬菜样品 ,回收率为 72 2 %～ 1 0 2 0 % ,RSD为 1 5 %～ 1 1 0 %。。     

方正奥思在有机化学课件中的应用

计算机模拟教学在近几年已经愈来愈普遍 ,虽然计算机模拟过程并不能完全代替实验 ,也不能取代实验动手能力的训练 ,但计算机模拟有助于对基本概念的深入思考 ,对掌握基本概念和预计实验结果都有很大帮助。我们在研制有机化学和有机化学实验的课件过程中 ,对教学中的重点、难点进行了分析 ,针对理论教学中的反应历程和实验教学中的预习等难点问题采取了动画组来表达 ,取得了很好的效果。　　我们自 1 999年 5月起开始制作有机化学及实验ＣＡＩ课件 ,先后采用过Ａｕｔｈｏｒｗａｒｅ、ＶＢ、方正奥思并结合Ｃｈｅｍｏｆｆｉｃｅ、Ｃｏｏｌ3Ｄ…     

高居里温度Nd—Co—Fe—Ga—B永磁材料的研究

用粉末冶金法研制出高居里温度的Nd-Co-Fe-Ga-B永磁材料。Nd-Fe-B永磁材料居里温度从312℃提高到450～500℃;内禀矫顽力_iH_c可达716～955kA/m;最大磁能积(BH)max=223～262kJ/m~3。用穆斯堡尔效应等方法研究Nd_(16)Co_(16)Fe_(61-x)Ga_xB_7样品的结果表明:在x=2时,Ga原子主要占据j_2晶位;x>2时,除j_2外,K_2、j_1、K_1三个晶位均有一定的占据几率。X射线衍射实验证实,此合金在x=2处,四方相的点阵常数a值最大,而c值随x的增大(由1到7)呈线性增加。从磁测量结果发现,在x=2处,内禀矫顽力出现峰值。     

2∶17 型SmCo永磁材料的研究进展与展望

2∶17型SmCo永磁体自1977年问世以来,已有很大发展,其性能不断提高.因其具有优异的磁性能,在微波通讯技术、航空航天、国防工业、交通运输业等很多领域有着广泛的应用.最近又提出了最高工作温度大于400 ℃的永磁材料的要求,因2∶17型SmCo永磁体具有高的居里温度和较高的磁能积而成为首选材料.从1996年至今出现了2∶17型SmCo高温磁体的研究热潮,本文主要介绍了2∶17型SmCo永磁的发展过程、磁体的磁性能、制备工艺、应用情况及其发展趋势.     

密闭微波辅助萃取当归粉中的阿魏酸

利用密闭微波样品制备系统(具有压力控制部件),对当归中的有效成分阿魏酸的萃取进行研究,比较了密闭微波萃取同超声波萃取和索氏萃取阿魏酸提取率的差异.结果表明:微波萃取与其他两种萃取方法相比,具有速度快和萃取率高的特点.并得到了阿魏酸提取的最佳条件:微波功率为400 W,萃取剂为90%的乙醇(体积分数),固-液比为1∶15,微波辐射为240 s,当归粒径为75μm.     

三段式Halbach阵列永磁电机解析建模与研究

针对传统子域模型在分析电机电磁性能时无法考虑软磁材料磁导率的缺陷,提出了一种考虑软磁材料磁导率为具体值的三段式Halbach阵列永磁电机多层解析模型。根据内部激励源和媒介的不同,将永磁电机全域划分成Halbach阵列永磁体层、气隙层、定子齿尖层和电枢绕组层4类磁场求解层。利用柯西乘积和复数形式的傅里叶级数来描述磁场求解层中媒介磁导率分布情况。基于麦克斯韦方程组建立了每个磁场求解层的拉普拉斯方程或泊松方程,结合边界条件求解出每个磁场求解层的磁矢位。利用多层解析模型计算了电机的气隙磁密、空载反电动势和输出转矩等电磁特性,并与有限元模型计算结果进行了对比。计算结果表明：多层解析模型和有限元模型计算得到的气隙磁密波形吻合得很好,两者的空载反电动势峰值和输出转矩平均值的相对误差均小于1%,证明了多层解析模型的正确性。最后利用多层解析模型研究了槽开口宽度、磁极宽度和充磁夹角对电机输出转矩的影响规律,给出了输出转矩最优的设计方案。仿真结果表明：优化后的输出转矩脉动削减了75.7%,证明所提出的多层解析模型不仅计算准确而且计算速度快,在电机的初始设计和电磁性能影响规律的探究上具有明显的优势。