Population status, threats and conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise

The Yangtze finless porpoise （Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis） is currently limited to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Yichang to Shanghai, China, and the adjoining Poyang and Dongting Lakes. Its population size has decreased remarkably during the last several decades due to the heavy impact of human activities, including overfishing of prey species, water development projects that cause attendant habitat loss and degradation, water pollution, and accidental deaths caused by harmful fishing gear and collisions with motorized vessels. It was estimated that the number of remaining individuals was down to approximately 1800 in 2006, a number that is decreasing at a rate as high as 5% per year. Three conservation measures - in situ and ex situ conservation and captive breeding have been applied to the protection of this unique porpoise since the early 1990s. Seven natural and two ＂semi-natural＂ reserves have so far been established. Since 1996, a small group of finless porpoises has been successfully reared in a facility at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; three babies were born in captivity on July 5, 2005, June 2, 2007 and July 5, 2008. These are the first freshwater cetaceans ever born in captivity in the world. Several groups of these porpoises caught in the main stream of the Yangtze River, or rescued, have been introduced into the Tian＇e-Zhou Semi-natural Reserve since 1990. These efforts have proven that, not only can these animals survive in the area, they are also to reproduce naturally and successfully. More than 30 calves had been born in the reserve since then, with one to three born each year. Taking deaths and transfers into account, there were approximately 30 individuals living in the reserve as of the end of 2007. Among eight mature females captured in April 2008, five were confirmed pregnant. This effort represents the first successful attempt at off-site protection of a cetacean species in the world, and establishes a solid base for conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise. A lesson must be drawn from the tragedy of Chinese River Dolphin （Lipotes vexillifer）, which has already been declared likely extinct. Strong, effective and appropriate protective measures must be carried out quickly to prevent the Yangtze finless porpoise from becoming a second Chinese River Dolphin, and save the biodiversity of the Yangtze River as a whole.     

广东乐昌铅锌尾矿废弃地酸化控制研究

对建立在乐昌铅锌尾矿废弃地的复垦实验地进行了调查分析．结果表明,在１２种不同的改良措施中,在废弃地上铺盖厚约２０ｃｍ垃圾及２０ｋｇ／ｍ２石灰的改良效果最好,这一措施不仅提高了尾矿ｐＨ值和降低电导率,而且较有效地防止了下层尾矿的酸化,２年后收获的生物量也最高     

响水涧抽水蓄能电站工程对植被的影响研究

本文是在课题产地调查的基础皮响水涧抽水蓄能电站工程建设规模和工程区植物资源的现状为依据,论述了电站工程的兴建对本区植被的影响,并就如何减少植破坏、防止生态失衡提出了建议。     

青海湖地区植物微量元素自然背景值及其特征

分析了以青海湖区各类植被中采集的４６种主要植物样品的８种微量元素,得到了区内植物和各类植被的微量元素自然背景值。为植物微量元素学、青海湖地区生态环境研究所 、草原建设、蓄业发展以及生物地球化学找破等提供了基础资料。     

水生经济植物净化受污染水体研究

在富营养化水体中,利用人工基质无土栽培水生经济净化水质的静态试验结果表明,在５月～１０月间,水蕹菜对ＴＮ、ＴＰ的去除率分别为８１．３２％和７１．３４％;在１１月～３月间,水芹菜对ＴＮ、ＴＰ的去除率分别为８２．７７％和９４．７７％。经重金属检测分析,水蕹舸和水芹菜茎叶部分的Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ和Ｚn含量均处于可食用范围内。结 果现场试验结果,轮种上述两种经济植物,每m＾２水面每年可自水中移除ＴＮ２０４．８     

海南三亚市红树林植被调查初报

三亚市红树林自然保护区主要分布于三亚河沿岸,该地红树林植被比较完整:存在红树林植物17科,23属,31种;半红树林植物16科,22属,22种.按照红树林组成种类、生境以及演替阶段,可将其分成3种类型和6个群落,即Ⅰ. 矮密灌丛类型:1. 海榄雌群落,2. 桐花树群落;Ⅱ.中密丛林类型:1. 角果木群落,2. 榄李群落;Ⅲ. 高疏丛林类型:1. 红树群落,2. 木果楝、红树、瓶花木群落.     

科尔沁沙地不同演替阶段植被特征及固沙作用

为了解不同措施对退化生态系统植被恢复的作用,采用空间代替时间的方法研究了科尔沁沙地不同演替阶段的植被变化特征,同时探讨了植被的抗风蚀及固沙作用。结果表明,人工植被恢复措施可有效提高沙丘的植被盖度和物种丰富度,多年生植物逐渐取代了一年生植物：沙丘与草场的植被相似性较差：植被的抗风蚀能力随植被盖度的增加而增加。根据目前植被的发展现状,对不同演替阶段的植被保护、管理和恢复提供了科学的指导意见。     

植被根系系统加固破碎岩坡的作用机理分析

生态防护技术是一种新型的边坡护坡技术,但对其支护机理还缺乏相应的理论研究。为了使生态植被防护技术逐渐完善并广泛运用于破碎岩质边坡工程的处理中,本文以岩质边坡为研究对象,从理论上对岩质边坡的护坡机理进行研究,认为其护坡作用主要是植被根系系统的作用,分析了植被深部根系系统的锚固作用、植被浅部根系系统的加筋作用、植被根系系统的水土保持作用以及植被根系系统的生态作用。得到的结果可为工程实践提供指导。     

区域尺度上草原植被覆盖变化与碳增汇潜力的遥感分级评价方法研究

草原植被覆盖状况是研究草原生态环境状况、草原生产力和草原植被碳固持能力的重要指标.应用遥感与GIS技术,利用长时间系列遥感数据,采用最大值合成法,将每个像元曾经出现的最大NDVI值合成到一个图层,构建了相当于未退化最佳状态图层,将该图层与不同时期的平均状态或某一个具体年份的实际情况作对比分析,有效地揭示了植被覆盖状况与未退化最佳状态的差距以及变化规律,以此对不同区域的碳增汇潜力做出估测.呼伦贝尔草原的实例研究表明,20世纪八九十年代,呼伦贝尔草原与未退化最佳状态相近的未退化草原面积在91%以上,进入21世纪,草原退化程度明显提高,植被覆盖度降低15%-50%的中轻度退化草原面积增加到接近50%,同时还出现了一定比例的覆盖度降低50%以上的区域.这些区域可以通过草原保护与植被建设提高生产力和碳固持能力.     

基于Landsat影像的多时相植被覆盖度与地形因子关系研究——以平潭岛为例

以平潭岛作为研究区,运用线性混合像元分解法从遥感影像中反演1992年、2002年和2013年3个时相植被覆盖度,用数字高程模型(DEM)提取坡度、坡向和高程数据.将植被覆盖度与3种地形因子进行空间叠加分析,以研究该海岛植被长势与地形间的联系,对生态环境保护提供参考建议.研究结果表明:在平潭岛的平坦和缓坡地区,以低植被覆盖度为主,随着坡度上升,高植被覆盖度面积比例增加,在25°~35°坡度范围达到峰值,最后又下降.坡向对研究区植被覆盖度的影响微弱,不是主导植被长势的重要地形因子.低高程区的植被覆盖度低,高程变大,植被覆盖度也增大,在高程大于310 m的地区,受热量降低影响,植被覆盖度下降.后10 a植被下降较前10 a明显,虽有山区植被改善,但是建设区和地势低平区破坏越来越严重,需重点治理.