H2/Air/CO2点火过程中的热辐射和化学反应效应

本文采用基于详细化学反应机理的化学反应流自适应数值模拟技术,研究了添加二氧化碳对氢气/空气预混气体点火的影响,获得了不同当量比下最小点火能随稀释率的变化情况。本文引入最小点火能的热辐射敏感度与化学反应敏感度,重点分析了CO₂的热辐射效应和化学反应效应对最小点火能的影响。研究结果表明二氧化碳的热辐射效应和化学反应效应只有在接近极限稀释率时才会导致最小点火能有显著升高。     

导演“故事”须严谨聆听“故事”须用心——对化学实验的一点认识和思考

做化学实验是从事化学相关领域研究及开发工作的人所采用的最主要研究手段。将“化学实验”与“故事”进行类比：化学工作者做一个化学实验就好比是他导演了一个“故事”,而做此实验的整个过程也如同是他在聆听这一个“故事”。化学工作者进行化学实验的目的,就是要把“故事”听懂。就怎么样才能够更好地把“故事”听懂以保证化学实验成效的问题,以合成制备实验为例从几个方面进行了阐述。     

理论化学研究进展以及在可持续发展中的应用*

本文先简要介绍近几年国内在理论化学领域所取得的若干重要进展,包括在相对论量子化学、多参考态电子相关方法、气相分子反应动力学、激发态结构与动态过程、光化学反应过程的理论计算、大分子体系线性标度理论、从头算价键理论、新的密度泛函、固体表面催化过程、功能材料理论等领域所取得的成就。然后,本文介绍理论化学及其交叉学科在有机功能材料,特别是在预测有机太阳能电池能量转换效率与理论设计方面的一个应用,这与社会的可持续发展密切相关。     

散心柱面胞格爆轰演化数值研究

采用有限体积方法,在自适应非结构网格上求解二维含化学反应Euler方程,数值研究了柱面胞格爆轰波演化现象．化学反应计算采用单步可逆总包反应模型．数值结果演示了散心柱面胞格爆轰波演化过程中胞格结构的分裂现象,获得了与实验结果定性一致的结果．胞格结构的分裂演化在点火区近场和远场显示了不同的特点,其中爆轰波传播过程中波阵面当地曲率的变化是控制胞格分裂演化行为的关键因素．数值结果也显示胞格结构的分裂现象来自于爆轰波前锋结构中横波的自组织行为,即沿爆轰波波面传播的小扰动发展成为横波的过程,这种现象与胞格爆轰波的不稳定性密切相关．     

黄河兰州段水沙特性与河床演变分析研究

通过对黄河兰州段1956~1985年、1986~2010年两个时段水文特性和泥沙特性的分析,研究了此河段的河床演变特性。结果表明:11986年龙羊峡、刘家峡水库联合调度后,改变了兰州河段天然径流过程;2龙刘水库的联合调控作用拦截了大量泥沙,改变了河段的输沙过程;3黄河兰州段今后的变化趋势为:纵向冲淤平衡,横向不会有太大变化。     

An improved automatic detection method for earthquake-collapsed buildings from ADS40 image

Earthquake-collapsed building identification is important in earthquake damage assessment and is evidence for mapping seismic intensity. After the May 12th Wenchuan major earthquake occurred, experts from CEODE and IPSC collaborated to make a rapid earthquake damage assessment. A crucial task was to identify collapsed buildings from ADS40 images in the earthquake region. The difficulty was to differentiate collapsed buildings from concrete bridges, dry gravels, and landslide-induced rolling stones since they had a similar gray level range in the image. Based on the IPSC method, an improved automatic identification technique was developed and tested in the study area, a portion of Beichuan County. Final results showed that the technique＇s accuracy was over 95%. Procedures and results of this experiment are presented in this article. Theory of this technique indicates that it could be applied to collapsed building identification caused by other disasters.     

He-Ar isotopic system of fluid inclusions in pyrite from the molybdenum deposits in south margin of North China Block and its trace to metallogenetic and geodynamic background

The helium and argon isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluids from the molybdenum deposits such as Jinduicheng, Donggou, Shijiawan, and Sandaozhuang, which are located in the East Qinling molybdenum belt in south margin of North China Block （SMCNB）, are reported in this paper. The origin and the evolution of the ore-forming fluids and their coupled-relationships with the intra-continental collision and orogenic process of Qinling Orogen in Mesozoic-Cenozoic have been discussed. The 3He/4He and 40Ar/36Ar values （3He/4He=1.38-3.64 Ra, and 40Ar/36Ar=295.68-346.39, respectively） of the fluid inclusions in pyrite from the molybdenum deposits in East Qinling suggest that, the ore-forming fluid system is mixed by two end members. One is the high temperature deep-derived fluid congenetic with the porphyries generated by crust-mantle mixing, and the other is the low-temperature meteoric water which is rich in crustal radiogenic He with the component of atmospheric Ar. From the Pb isotopic composition, and ore-bearing potential of the porphyry and the regional stratum, we can conclude that the ore-forming materials of the deposits in the East Qinling molybdenum belt are derived from the deep source by the mixing of lower crust and upper mantle. Therefore, the formation of the molybdenum deposits in SMNCB can be related to the crust-mantle interaction, which is accompanied by the intra-continental orogenic and extension process in the post-collision period of Qinling Orogen. The granitic porphyries which are related to Mo mineralization are not simple crust-remelting type granites or S type granites, but belong to syntexis-type or mantle-derived granites, hence their formation has a profound and regional geodynamic background.     

内蒙古临江找矿研究区玄武岩稀土元素地球化学特征初步研究

通过对内蒙古临江找矿研究区玄武岩稀土元素地球化学特征初步研究显示,区内玄武岩普遍富集稀土,轻、重稀土元素强烈分异,稀土元素特征参数与金含量存在一定的相关关系,铕、铈均无明显异常。区内玄武岩为壳幔物质混合形成,找矿研究区可能存在部分贵金属和稀土元素成矿。     

泸沽湖水资源平衡分析

用Delft3D—FLOW建立水文模型对泸沽湖的水平衡进行分析．结果表明,泸沽湖的水资源总量不足,时间分布不均．尤其是1—5月强烈的蒸发成为水资源损失的首要因素．     

液核地球各种轴系的表述

 之前的整体地球自转动力学理论的局限性之一,就是在数学上不能明确表述地球的各种几何轴和物理轴(Tisserand轴、自转轴、瞬时形状轴、角动量轴、CEP和CIP轴等).基于经典的液核地球自转动力学理论,建立了极移和‘章动'的联合动力学方程.由此给出了液核地球各种几何轴和物理轴的极移、岁差章动的动力学方程,明确了各种轴的定义及其之间的理论关系.