添加碱金属氯化物的聚乙烯醇改性膜用于水乙醇渗透汽化分离

用碱金属氯化物对聚乙烯醇进行改性制得渗透汽化膜,并用于水乙醇渗透汽化分离．热分析结果表明：盐的加入增加了膜的热稳定性．膜的溶胀度的测试结果表明：随浸泡液中水含量增加,膜的溶胀度增大．渗透汽化结果表明：膜中含盐量对膜渗透汽化性能影响很大     

氯化物的分子吸收光谱法测定

研究用冷分子吸收光谱法测定氯化物的方法．考察各实验参数对测定的影响,Ｃｌ－的检出限为１６．０μｇ／ｍＬ,并测定湖水和自来水中Ｃｌ－的含量     

ACl-YCl3(A:Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs)二元相图的热力学分析

本文用CALPHAD技术评估和优化了ACl-YCl₃(A:Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs)系列五个二元系相图和热力学性质,取得了热力学性质和相图自相一致的结果.并对优化结果进行了讨论.     

符合独立五元环规则的C100(417)Cl28形成机理的密度泛函理论研究

实验上捕获到C₁₀₀(417)Cl₂₈,但其形成机理仍不清楚。本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了生成C₁₀₀(417)Cl₂₈的反应机理,考虑了可能的经Stone-Wales (SW)转化、直接氯化和来自于骨架转变等反应路径。结果表明：C₁₀₀(417)Cl₂₈形成的最主要来源是通过C₁₀₂(603)骨架转变,即经历氯化、C₂失去和SW转变而来。该结果能很好解释实验结果,对富勒烯氯化物的合成提供了理论依据。     

Dy(Ⅲ)离子在LiCl-KCl熔盐中的电化学行为及Dy-Ni金属间化合物的选择性制备

采用循环伏安、方波伏安和开路计时电位等电化学方法研究了Dy(Ⅲ)离子在LiCl-KCl 共晶盐中的电化学行为及Dy-Ni 合金形成的电化学机理. 循环伏安和方波伏安法研究表明, Dy(Ⅲ)离子的电化学还原过程为三个电子转移的一步反应. 与惰性W电极相比, Dy(Ⅲ) 离子在Ni 电极上的循环伏安曲线多出了三对氧化还原峰,是由于Dy与Ni 形成了合金化合物, 导致Dy(Ⅲ)离子在活性Ni 电极发生了欠电位沉积. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)附带能量散射谱(EDS)对恒电位(-1.6, -1.8 和-2.0 V)电解制备的Dy-Ni 合金进行分析, 分别获得了DyNi₅, Dy₂Ni₇和DyNi₂金属间化合物. 实验结果表明, 通过控制电位进行恒电位电解可以有选择性地制备不同的金属间化合物.     

Synthesis of dimethyl ether from methane mediated by HBr (Special column of methane transformation, Article)

Dimethyl ether (DME) was synthesized from methane through a two-step process, in which CH₃Br was prepared from the oxidative bromination reaction of methane in the presence of HBr and oxygen over a Rh-SiO₂ catalyst and then, in the second step, CH₃Br was hydrolyzed to DME over a silica supported metal chloride catalyst. 12 mol%ZnCl₂/SiO₂ catalyst was found to be the most active, but it deactivated because of Cl⁻ losing.     

FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系中锌及其氯化物的饱和蒸气压测试

利用Knudsen喷射法得到了FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系中Zn及其氯化物的蒸气压,并考察了各因素如温度和渣成分的影响.结果表明:在本实验条件下,金属Zn与ZnCl2蒸气压随温度的升高而升高,且ZnCl2蒸气压的对数与温度的倒数之间呈明显的线性关系;渣碱度对金属Zn与ZnCl2的蒸气压呈完全不同的影响趋势,前者随碱度的增加而升高,而后者则降低;渣中FeO含量升高,能够显著提高金属Zn与ZnCl2的蒸气压.     

顶空气相色谱法测定污水中挥发性氯化物的含量

采用顶空气相色谱法测定化工厂生产过程排放污水中挥发性氯化物的含量,方法快速,灵敏度高,准确性好,适应生产控制要求。     

用微量热法测定稀土含硫有机配合物的比热容

推导了用改进的RD496-III型微热量计测定固态物质比热容的计算式. 用Joule 效应确定了仪器在298.15 K时的量热常数和相对标准偏差分别为(63.901±0.030) μV•mW^－1和0.08%, 用Peltier效应测定总不平衡热. 在该仪器上测定的两种标准物质(基准苯甲酸和α-Al₂O₃)比热容的计算值与文献值相差在0.4%以内. 用本法测定了13种固态配合物RE(PDC)₃(phen) (RE＝La, Pr, Nd, Sm～Lu; PDC＝ )的比热容值, 总偏差在1.0%, 与稀土原子序数Z_RE作图呈现“三分组现象”, 说明配合物中RE^3＋与配体间的化学键有一定程度的共价性, 显示了稀土离子4f电子云的扩大效应.     

Thermochemical Study of Coordination of Holmium Chloride Hydrate with Diethylammonium Diethyldithiocarbamate

The complex of holmium chloride hydrate with diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (D-DDC) was synthesized via mixing their solutions in absolute alcohol under a dry N2 atmosphere. The elemental and chemical analyses show that the complex has the general formula Et2NH2[Ho(S2CNEt2)4]. It was also characterized by IR spectroscopy. The enthalpies of the dissolution of holmium chloride hydrate and D-DDC in absolute alcohol at 298.15 K o and the enthalpy changes of liquid-phase reactions of the formation of Et2NH2[Ho(S2CNEt2)4] at different temperatures were determined by microcalorimetry. On the basis of experimental and calculated results, three thermodynamic parameters (the activation enthalpy, the activation entropy and the activation free energy), the rate constant and three kinetic parameters (the apparent activation energy, the pre-exponential constant and the reaction order) of the liquid-phase reaction of the complex formation were obtained, The enthalpy change of the solid-phase complex formation reaction at 298.15 K was calculated by means of a thermochemical cycle.