如何规范土石方计算

我们使用的测量仪器越来越先进，计算机也已经全面普及，各种土石方计算软件更是层出不穷，而工程测量规范里找不到相应的土石方计算的规定，对于计算的成果精度要求，我们还是按照老一套的10％的误差要求，明显已经跟不上时代发展对我们的要求了。我们需要探讨一下土方测量计算的方法和计算过程，确定规范应该如何补充规定。     

连铸方坯感应补热过程的有限元分析

根据电磁感应理论及传热基本原理,利用大型工程软件ANSYS对连铸方坯的感应补热过程进行了多物理场耦合的有限元模拟,并对铸坯断面上的温度梯度、磁场分布等进行了分析. 模拟结果与实测结果一致.     

Calculations of state-selective differential cross sections for charge transfer in collisions between O3+ and H2

The non-dissociative charge-transfer processes in collisions between O^3＋ and H2 are investigated by using the quantum-mechanical molecular-orbital coupled-channel （QMOCC） method. The adiabatic potentials and radial coupling matrix elements utilized in the QMOCC calculations are obtained with the spin-coupled valence-bond approach. Electronic and vibrational state-selective differential cross sections are presented for projectile energies of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0eV/u in the H2 orientation angles of 45° and 89°. The electronic and the vibrational state-selective differential cross sections show similar behaviours： they decrease as the scattering angle increases, and beyond a specific angle the oscillating structures appear. Moreover, it is also found that the vibrational state-selective differential cross sections are strongly orientation-dependent, which provides a possibility to determine the orientations of molecule H2 by identifying the vibrational state-selective differential scattering processes.     

Dependence of Isoscaling Parameters on Nucleon-Nucleon Cross Section and Momentum-Dependent Interaction

Inltuences of the isospin dependence of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section and the momentum-dependent interaction （MDI） on the isotope scaling are investigated by using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model （IQMD）. The results show that both the isospin dependence of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section and the momentum-dependent interaction affect the isoscaling parameters appreciably and indepen- dently. The inltuence caused by the isospin dependence of two-body collision is relatively larger than that from the MDI in the mean tield. Aiming at exploring the implication of isoscaling behaviour, which the statistical equilibrium in the reaction is reached, the statistical properties in the mass distribution and the kinetic energy distribution of the fragments simulated by IQMD are presented.     

Effect of Heavily Doped Boron on Bandgap Narrowing of Strained SiGe Layers

Taking into account the compensation effect of B to Ge in strained SiGe layers for the first time, the effect of heavily doped boron on the bandgap narrowing of strained SiGe layers is calculated, and the classical JainRoulston （J-R） model is modified. The results show that our modified J-R model well fits the experimental values. Based on the modified J-R model, the real bandgap narrowing distribution between the conduction and valence bands is further calculated, which has great influence on modelling the electrical characteristics of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors.     

地表水考核断面水质异常污染溯源调查分析——以京杭大运河吕城断面为例

地表水考核断面污染溯源是环境管理部门掌握污染来源的前提条件,对从源头控制和消除水环境污染极其重要。基于京杭大运河吕城断面水体中总磷多次异常波动,分析区域内水质自动监测站的数据,快速缩小调查区域,手工监测和无人船走航监测双管齐下,2 d内即锁定问题区域和主要污染源。调查分析确定两条支流和沿岸雨水排口对断面总磷异常波动有很大贡献,并提出建议。     

河道洪水演算方法在淮河及滹沱河中游的应用

为解决马斯京根法在河道洪水演算中未考虑河道断面特征和水力特性的变化问题,在淮河中游吴家渡至小柳巷河段、滹沱河中游黄壁庄至北中山河段采用考虑河道断面几何形状和水力学糙率的Muskingum-Cunge-Todini可变参数法和非线性水库法进行河道洪水演算研究,探讨考虑河道断面特征和水力特性的演算方法在湿润区淮河中游及半干旱区滹沱河中游的适用性,并将模拟结果与马斯京根法进行比较。结果表明,Muskingum-Cunge-Todini可变参数法和非线性水库法在研究河道上模拟精度较高,洪峰合格率均在86%以上,确定性系数均大于0.8,可应用于河道洪水预报。     

基于GIS几何计算的杉木树干横断面面积模型构建

【目的】在林业实际调查中,树干横断面面积是林分与单木调查尺度中的重要变量。为了精准统计树干横断面面积大小及形状,分析了几种不同测量与统计方法在处理直径数据、估算断面积时的精度差异,建立圆盘断面积模型,确定最优断面积估算方法。【方法】用GIS几何计算面积和周长功能,测量杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)不同高度上的几何圆盘断面积、周长和直径,构建断面积和周长模型,计算树干圆盘横断面圆周率(称为横断面形状圆周率),分析不同统计方法对断面积精度的影响,应用杉木树干横断面形状圆周率及最优统计方法分析树干断面积精度。【结果】通过断面积(G)与周长(C)关系G=0.077 666 3C²(R²=0.998 5),求得杉木树干横断面形状圆周率F=3.218 899 32,充分说明杉木树干横断面不是完整圆,而是一个圆周率为3.218 899 32的近似圆。几何平均法在树干横断面积统计中具有明显精度优势,算术平均法略差,根据几何算术平均直径和精准测定的断面积,拟合得到断面积与直径(d)的关系为G= 0.817 7d^{1.990 2}(R²= 0.990 5)。结合几何平均直径法和树干横断面形状圆周率F进行横断面积计算,使用F和π分别进行分析发现两者残差有显著正负异号性,前者偏大,后者偏小。基于树干横断面形状圆周率F与π的树干横断面形状圆周率平均数f(3.180 246 0),在预测树干横断面积时,f中和了F偏大和π偏小的缺点,具有较高预测精度和稳定性。【结论】以不同的统计方法计算树干横断面积的精度不同,在林业实际调查中,可结合几何平均直径和f(3.180 246 0)统计解析木圆盘断面积,以实现更精确的估算。     

具有可乘逆断面的正则半群上的预同态和限制积

介绍了具有可乘逆断面的正则半群上的预同态及限制积的概念, 证明了具有可乘逆断面的正则半群类连同其上面的预同态构成一个范畴,利用限制积得到了这类半群上的预同态的一些刻画。     

大断面煤巷支护方案及施工技术

介绍了三交河煤矿在2-505综采面的地质概况、支护技术以及围岩控制方案和施工技术,指出该巷道的成功支护对解决大断面巷道支护难题具有重要的指导意义。