Ferroelectric Properties of Polycrystalline Ceramics with Dipolar Defect Simulated from the Potts--Ising Model

Physical properties of polycrystailine ferroelectrics including the contributions of the fixed dipolar defects and the average grain size in the Potts-Ising model are simulated by using the Monte Carlo method. Domain pattern, hysteresis loop and switching current of the polarization reversal process are obtained. Two processes are considered in our simulation. In the first one, the grain texture of ferroelectric ceramics are produced from the Ports model, and then the Ising model is implemented in the obtained polycrystailine texture to produce the domain pattern, hysteresis loop and switching current. It is concluded that the defect has the ability to decrease the remnant polarization P~ as well as the coercive field E~. The back switching is obviously observed after the electric field is off, and it shows some variation after introducing the fixed dipolar defect. Meanwhile, the spike of the switching current is found to lower with the increasing defect concentration and the decreasing average grain size.     

轻小型星敏感器光学系统的设计

介绍了星敏感器的工作原理,对光学系统的指标进行详细的分析,给出光学系统的设计结果和评价.设计得到的镜头焦距22.7 mm,相对孔径1:1.4,视场角17.1°×17.1°(圆视场角24°),而长度仅45.3 mm.由七个球面透镜组成,光阑放在第二、三透镜之间.     

应力敏感页岩气藏水力压裂直井试井分析

应力敏感效应普遍存在于天然裂缝发育的页岩气藏中。本文根据页岩气渗流理论及吸附气解吸特征,引入Langmuir等温吸附公式和渗透率模数,建立了应力敏感双孔单渗页岩气藏水力压裂直井的不稳定渗流数学模型。并用变换式和摄动技术线性化处理非线性偏微分方程,同时应用Lord Kelvin点源基本解、Poisson求和公式、修正Bessel函数积分等方法求解出应力敏感页岩气藏水力压裂直井在Laplace空间中的无因次井底压力响应函数。通过Duhamel叠加定理和Stehfest数值反演算法得到实空间的数值解,并绘制无因次压力和压力导数双对数变化曲线,进一步分析渗流特征及Langmuir体积、Langmuir压力、无因次渗透率模数、储容比、窜流系数等对无因次压力和压力导数动态特征的影响。     

温敏性PCL-PEG-PCL水凝胶的合成、表征及蛋白药物释放

考察了温敏性PCL-PEG-PCL水凝胶中聚乙二醇(PEG)及聚己内酯(PCL)不同嵌段组成对其溶胶-凝胶相转变温度以及亲水性药物(牛血清白蛋白, BSA)释放速率的影响. 采用开环聚合法, 以辛酸亚锡为催化剂、PEG1500/PEG1000为引发剂, 与己内酯单体发生开环共聚, 合成了一系列具有不同PEG和PCL嵌段长度的PCL-PEG-PCL型三嵌段共聚物. 通过核磁共振氢谱及凝胶渗透色谱对其组成、结构及分子量进行了表征. 共聚物的溶胶-凝胶相变温度由翻转试管法测定. 利用透射电镜、核磁共振氢谱及荧光探针技术证实了该材料在水溶液中胶束的形成. 以BSA为模型蛋白药物, 制备载药水凝胶, 利用microBCA法测定药物在释放介质中的浓度, 研究其体外释放行为. 实验结果表明, 共聚物的溶胶-凝胶相变温度与PCL及PEG嵌段长度紧密相关, 即在给定共聚物浓度情况下, 固定PEG嵌段长度而增加PCL嵌段长度, 会导致相变温度降低; 而固定PCL嵌段长度而增加PEG嵌段长度, 其相变温度相应升高. 水凝胶中蛋白药物的释放速率与疏水的PCL嵌段长度无关, 而与亲水的PEG嵌段长度密切相关, 即PEG嵌段越长, 蛋白药物释放越快.     

Diels-Alder Addition of Dicyclopentadiene with Cyclopentadiene in Polar Solvents

Diels-Alder addition of dicyclopentadiene and cyclopentadiene in polar solvents has been studied to produce tricyclopentadiene（TCPD） that is a potential high-density fuel precursor. GC and MS analysis shows that the adducts contain two isomers, namely exo- and endo-TCPD. Theoretical simulation shows that although the transition state of endo-TCPD has a lower activation energy, exo-TCPD is thermodynamically preferred. Polar solvents can accelerate the reaction rate and improve the exo/endo ratio of TCPD because the transition state of exo-TCPD has a higher polarity than that of endo-TCPD. The solvent effect follows the order of polarity： benzyl methanol〉cyclohexanone〉toluene. The conversion rises when the temperature ranges from 120 to 150 ℃, but the selectivity of TCPD slightly decreases. Increasing the pressure can improve the conversion but the exo/endo ratio of TCPD is unchanged. The apparent kinetics in different solvents was determined via nonlinear regression. The activation energies are 99.47, 101.15, and 107.32 kJ/mol for benzyl methanol, cyclohexanone, and toluene, respectively. The optimal reaction conditions are as follows： benzyl methanol as solvent, temperature 150 ℃, and pressure 900 kPa. After an 11-hour reaction, a conversion of 58.0%, a TCPD selectivity of 95.7%, and an exo/endo ratio of 1/5.3 has been obtained.     

“都”与否定极性项的分布及单调性推演

汉语否定极性项中的限定词“任何”和极小词需要否定算子和全称量化算子“都”的双重允准,“任何”与“都”同构的语言现象违背了成分统治的原则。以往的研究多在某一类型的否定极性项中研究“都”的句法和语义,无法从全局上厘清“都”的允准机制。以北大CCL语料库为样本,对“都”与否定极性项的分布进行定量分析,结果表明：否定极性项中的限定词和极小词必须与“都”连用,而否定极性副词则不一定要与“都”连用。此外,“都”和其他全称量词一样,创造了向下蕴涵的语境,并使其所在语句向下单调推理有效。     

非极性SiC/GaN界面结构特性

GaN是一种具有广泛应用前景的光电子材料,但是,用于制造器件的GaN都是在不同衬底上外延生长得到的,在常用的Al2O3和SiC衬底上沿[0001]方向直接生长的GaN外延膜存在有较高的缺陷密度(10^10cm^-2),研究发现在SiC衬底上侧向外延(ELO)生长的GaN线缺陷密度可低达10^5cm^-2,目前对     

压敏三重介质油藏压力响应特征

建立由基岩系统、裂缝系统和溶洞系统组成,并考虑溶洞渗透率随压降的增加呈指数减小的压敏三重介质油藏试井解释模型,采用隐式差分格式对考虑井筒储存和污染效应的情况进行了求解.研究表明:无因次渗透率模数导致压力及压力导数明显增大,窜流系数影响窜流阶段出现的早晚,弹性储容比影响压力导数曲线"凹陷"的宽度和深度,外边界条件的影响则和普通三重介质明显不同,表皮系数主要影响全部压力和压力导数早期的"凸起",而无因次渗透率模数则主要影响压力和压力导数的后期.     

不同温度下煤在溶剂中的溶胀行为

溶胀是煤直接液化升温过程中粘度发生变化的主要原因之一。本文研究了不同温度下两种煤在有机溶剂中的溶胀度变化。结果表明：在极性溶剂中,煤化程度较小的神华煤的溶胀性比新庄煤大,而在非极性溶剂四氢萘中,情况相反;温度升高加快了煤的溶胀速率,且对煤的溶胀度大小有影响;煤的溶胀度与煤和溶剂的溶解度参数有关,溶剂对煤的溶解能力越大,则煤在该溶剂中的溶胀度越大。     

一种基于局部敏感哈希的文本数据去重算法及其实现

预训练语言模型的发展激发对网络数据的大规模需求,而网络数据往往具有较高的重复性和相似性,需要经过去重才能更好地被用于模型训练.目前的去重算法可以去除相似和相同的文本数据,但存在运算效率较低的问题,难以用于处理大规模文本数据.本研究提出一种面向大规模文本数据的去重算法,采用先局部后整体的去重策略,极大提高了去重的运算效率.实验结果表明,算法在50 h内完成371 GB数据的去重处理,较已有算法极大地提高了去重效率.