栅扫描重离子束治癌束流配送系统对运动靶区的适形放疗(Ⅰ)模拟计算

从理论上研究了在主动型栅扫描束流配送系统下,靶体运动对靶区剂量均匀性以及重离子治疗适形程度的影响.模拟计算了在实验测量得到的脉冲束流照射下,栅扫描系统引导束流对运动靶体实施照射后,靶体运动模式与靶区各等能量断层剂量分布均匀性的关系.由这些模拟计算结果,得到了一些针对运动靶体提高靶区剂量分布均匀性的策略.模拟计算提供了一种评估运动靶体上剂量分布的有效手段,其结果及内涵为今后该方向上的可行性实验研究奠定了坚实的基础.     

医学物理学科的发展和现状

 医学物理学科在人类璀璨的科学知识宝库中,物理学和医学是两个重要的分支,而且物理学与医学的结合给物理学的发展带来了巨大的活力,也给医学诊疗技术带来了革命,医学物理(medicalphysics)学科正是这一结合的产物。     

肢体扩展型软组织肉瘤的术前综合性治疗--怎样通过减小手术范围而疗效更好

在过去的二十年中 ,无论是前瞻性研究 ,或是在回顾性分析的文献中 ,对需要截肢的患者 ,作随机分析 :保留肢体组和截肢组 ,进行存活率的比较 ,分析结果表明 ,绝大多数软组织肉瘤患者是可以选择保留肢体的综合治疗。关于妇女乳腺肿瘤手术是否应给予乳房保留 ,权威者建议 :如果总体存活率相同时 ,应采用伤害较小治疗方案。对于绝大多数远端和中上段的小肿瘤 (Ｔ1期 ) ,通过手术和术后放疗 ,是能够作到“保留肢体”的。相对而言 ,大的肿瘤 (Ｔ2期 )和那些远端的肢体已受到浸润性损伤的病人 ,“保留肢体”是比较困难的。洛杉机加利福尼亚大学的艾…     

医院专用快中子治疗机技术

领域：机电一体化、核技术项目简介：该设备用于癌症患的放射治疗。快中子对细胞的氧效应小；相对生物效应高；放射性敏感性随癌细胞发展期的变化小。对恶性肿瘤中的乏氧细胞有较强的杀伤能力，使肿瘤细胞积累能力及修复亚致死能力变得很小。对一些被称为“适应症”类型的肿瘤，     

辐照诱导人正常肝细胞系HL-7702 细胞远后的微卫星不稳定性

采用高传能线密度(LET) 的12C6+离子束和低LET 的X 射线辐照人正常肝细胞系HL-7702 细胞,利用微卫星不稳定性(MSI) 检测来分析直接受照射细胞和通过转移培养基方式旁细胞传代八代子细胞以MSI 表征的远后效应。实验结果表明,12C6+离子束诱导的远后效应较X射线的低;旁细胞的远后效应较直接受照射细胞的高;辐射引起的MSI 与杂合性丢失(LOH) 的发生率具有位点特异性。结果提示,重离子放射治疗较X 射线放射治疗对正常组织引发的辐射风险要小,可通过对MSI 高发位点的筛选来评估放疗后患者长期生存状况和二次癌症发生风险。Human normal liver cell line HL-7702 cells were irradiated with high linear energy transfer (LET) 12C6+ ions and low-LET X-rays, respectively. Delayed effect in terms of microsatellite instability (MSI) in progenies of the directly irradiated cells and bystander cells, obtained in the way of medium transfer at the 8th passage postirradiation,were examined. The delayed effect induced by the high-LET 12C6+ ions was different from that induced by the low-LET X-rays, and a higher incidence of MSI was observed in the progenies of the cells after exposure to the X-rays than to the 12C6+ ions. We also found that the delayed effect in the progenies of the bystander cells was much more severe than thoseof directly irradiated cells. Furthermore, the events of MSI and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) induced by the ionizing radiations were not randomly distributed throughout the genome and specific loci existed indeed. These results imply that the radiation risk to normal tissues is lower in heavy ion therapy than in conventional X-ray radiotherapy, and the analysis of microsatellite loci with MSI high frequency occurrence can be applied to access long-term survival condition and second cancer risk for the patients after radiotherapy.     

重离子加速器示范装置被动式束流配送系统次级中子特征的蒙特卡罗研究

在碳离子放射治疗中,碳离子束在剂量配送过程中会与束流输运线相互作用,形成以中子辐射为主的外辐射场.由于中子是高LET射线,具有较高的相对生物学效应,减少碳离子放疗中产生的次级中子有助于降低放疗后正常组织并发症几率及二次肿瘤风险.利用蒙特卡罗方法对保守情况(能量为400 MeV/u,多叶光栅完全闭合)下碳离子治疗被动式束...     

放疗中二次原发性肿瘤的研究进展

回顾了辐射致癌方面的研究进展和二次原发性肿瘤在放射医学领域中的提出和发展, 总结了辐射致癌的一般特征以及主要医用放射性装置对二次原发性肿瘤发病的影响。重点阐述了年龄、 性别、 组织敏感性和照射剂量等重要影响因素在二次原发性肿瘤发病上造成的差异和原因。讨论了部分潜在的影响因素。展望了二次原发性肿瘤方面研究的前景和在放射治疗领域中的重要意义。 The progress in radiocarcinogenesis research and recent concerns about second primary cancer incidence after radiotherapy are reviewed. Several generalizations about radiation carcinogenesis and a brief look into medical use radiation sources are also summarized. The mostly confirmed dominant risk factors of second primary cancer are elucidated, some potential risk factors are proposed and discussed briefly. At the end of this review we presented our perspective on the future of second primary cancer research and its potential benefit.     

基于共轭梯度法的调强放疗射束强度分布优化

针对逆向调强放疗中强度分布优化涉及的参数多, 且临床上对其优化速度要求高的特点, 将医生期望的靶区剂量和周围正常组织剂量限制转化为二次函数形式的目标函数, 然后利用共轭梯度法对该目标函数进行优化。 最后采用一例C形靶区紧密包围危及器官的模拟病例和一例临床常用的前列腺实例, 在PC机（CPU E7200@2.53GHz, 2.00GB内存, Windows XP）上对强度分布优化效果进行测试, 对模拟病例10 s便找到最优解; 而对前列腺病例20 s便可以找到最优解; 且两个测试病例优化所得强度分布对应的剂量分布均满足要求。 测试结果表明, 采用共轭梯度法优化强度分布具有快速和效果好的优点, 因此可以将其应用在精确放疗系统中。 The beam intensity map optimization of Intensity Modulated Radiation Treatment(IMRT) is a large scale optimization problem because of thousands of parameters involved. A fast and efficient approach was studied in the paper according to the clinical requirement for high speed and good results. Firstly, the clinical prescribed dose of Planning Target Volume(PTV) and dose volume constraints of Normal Tissue and Organ at Risk(OAR) were transformed into a quadratic objective function. And then Conjugate Gradient(CG) was adopted to optimize the objective function. At last, a simulated case and a clinical case were used to test the approach. The results showed that the optimization process need 40 s while satisfied results could be obtained in 10 s for simulated case and the optimization process need 1 min and 20 s while optimized results could be obtained in 20 s for the clinical prostate case. So it can be found that the approach of proposed in this paper is valid and efficient, and can be used to the accurate radiation therapy system.     

放疗致心脏损害的病理基础

恶性肿瘤的放射治疗是当前重要的治疗手段之一,但胸部放疗往往会给心脏带来伤害。本文从心包病变、心肌病变、心脏瓣膜病、冠状动脉病变、心脏传导系统病变等方面对放疗产生的心脏病变做了详细的报道,为从事这方面研究的人员提供帮助。