华北模拟实验块地大气,降水,地表径流和土壤中的稀土浓度分布及施…

通过模拟实验块地，初步了在一个土壤生态系统中稀土的浓度分布以及施用稀土微肥的影响，结果表明：降水、地表径流水溶液中的稀土浓度均为μｇ／Ｌ量级，降水中的稀土主要来源于附近地表土壤。大气中的稀土含量随粒径２有所不同，粒径越小一越低，且其来源主要是附近的水可溶性的硝酸稀土微肥在施用后很快转化为水不溶性形态，施加稀土前后实验组表层土壤中稀土含量基本相同，与对照组相比，施加的稀土微肥对地表径流水溶性和悬浮的     

三种2-羟基-1-萘醛酰腙的晶体结构、热分解及其与CT-DNA的相互作用

Three acyl hydrazones N'-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-2-phenylacetohydrazide (1), N'-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetohydrazide hydrate (2), and N'-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl) acetohydrazide hydrate (3) were synthesized and then characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic data indicated that both compounds 2 and 3 crystallized in the monoclinic crystal lattice, space group C2/c, while compound 1 crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca. The thermal decomposition processes of the three hydrazones were studied by thermogravimetry. The thermal decomposition temperatures of compounds 1, 2, and 3 were 318.23, 319.04, and 323.01℃, respectively. Meanwhile, the apparent activation energies for thermal decomposition for compounds 1, 2, and 3 were 115.90, 145.18, and 129.38 kJ·mol^-1, respectively, calculated according to the Kissinger and Ozawa equations. The interactions of compounds 1-3 with calf thymus (CT)-DNA were evaluated by microcalorimetry. The results indicated these interactions were homogenous endothermic processes with non-identical interaction time (1.00-50.0 min) and interaction enthalpies (0.47-15.50 kJ·mol^-1). The interaction enthalpies of compounds 1 and 2 were higher than those of their precursors, while the interaction enthalpy of compound 3 was lower than that of its precursor.     

微量pH电位滴定测定氨基酸、二肽和三肽与锌(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)配合物的稳定常数

His、Gly-His、Ala-His、Gly-Gly和Gly-Gly-Gly与锌、镉的配合物的稳定常数已有报道,由于不同作者的实验方法和数据处理方法不同,测定结果也不尽一致.有些数据是用手算方法进行数据处理的,求得的稳定常数可能不够精确.本工作采用文献推荐的微量pH电位滴定技术,对上述配体与Zn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)配合物稳定常数进行了测定.     

一种快速抽提微量成分的热逆流提取装置

液固萃取在化学实验及研究中常常遇到,索氏提取器是液团萃取普遍采用的装置,它具有简单、提取率高等特点,但采用索氏提取器从较大体积的固体样品中提取微量成分是很困难的。对于要求在较高温度下进行液固萃取也难于实现。为此我们设计了一种热逆流提取器,它不仅可满足上述要求,而且使萃取过程连续化。该装置主要由单口烧瓶、三颈烧瓶和热逆流提取器组成(图1)。     

显微拉曼光谱技术在印章油墨微量物证分析中的应用

显微拉曼光谱技术耦合高灵敏度拉曼光谱和显微镜,能快速、灵敏、无需繁琐制样及可无损地检测微量物证样品,如印章油墨等。本文采用共聚焦显微拉曼光谱技术对常用的蓝色印章油墨进行分析。方法利用10倍放大物镜,激发功率4mW～8mW可调,曝光时间0.01s～0.03s可调,扫描次数50～80次可调。该分析方法不受载体纸张的影响,能分析出不同种类、完全渗透固化、μg级的印章油墨拉曼信号。这种光谱技术为将来拓展分析其他的微量物证样品打下良好的基础。     

氟化铵快速分解－电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中的稀土元素

测定地球化学样品中的微量稀土元素常用混酸分解法或碱熔融法,这些常规方法往往存在耗费试剂量多、基体效应大、操作周期长等缺点。本文采用氟化铵作熔剂,在旋盖聚四氟乙烯坩埚中220℃熔融样品,后采用2毫升硝酸和0.5毫升高氯酸、硫酸（1+1）在电热板上继续分解,建立了氟化铵分解 －电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定岩石、土壤和水系沉积物中15种微量稀土元素的分析方法。本方法能快速、有效地分解样品,经三种国家标准物质验证（岩石、土壤、水系沉积物）,方法的准确度ΔlgC在0.001～0.02之间,测定值与认定值相符。方法检出限为0.001～0.04μg／g之间,精密度RSD%在1.11％ ～4.85％之间,能够满足微量稀土元素的分析要求,方法具有简单快捷、消耗试剂少、检出限低、精密度与准确度好等特点,适合于地球化学等地质样品微量稀土元素的批量快速分析测定。     

吡嗪类碳酰肼化合物与CT-DNA相互作用及体外抑菌

以5-氯吡嗪-2-羧酸甲酯和水合肼为原料,经亲核取代和脱水缩合反应合成了3种新型吡嗪类碳酰肼化合物C13H14N6O(a)、C13H14N6O2(b)和C12H12N6O2(c)。采用元素分析与核磁共振氢谱对化合物a~c进行了表征,结果表明合成的产物即为目标化合物。通过溶剂挥发法培养得到了化合物a的单晶并利用X-射线单晶衍射测定化合物a的晶体结构为单斜晶系。根据紫外-可见光谱可知,化合物a~c均以插入模式与CT-DNA作用。利用微量热实验测定了化合物a~c与CT-DNA的相互作用,发现反应过程放热,热效应ΔH依次为-5.77×103、 -5.50×103和-5.96×103 kJ·moL-1,反应时间均小于40 min。通过分子对接模拟计算明确了化合物a和b与DNA的具体结合位点包括A链DC4和DG5以及B链DC4、 DG5和DA6,化合物c与DNA的具体结合位点包括A链DC4和DG5以及B链DC4和DG5。采用牛津杯法测定了化合物a~c对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌以及大肠杆菌四种细菌的抑菌活性,结果表明化合物a~c均对铜绿假单胞菌表现出优于阳性对照组四环素的抑菌活性。     

新型Ni—Pd/碳化树脂催化剂的制备及在微量测定有机氧元素中的应用

本文报道一种新型Ni—Pd／碳化树脂催化剂的制备方法，用该法制备的催化剂具有高金属分散度和高机械强度，用于库仑法微量测定有机氧元素取得满意结果。文中对Ni和Pd颗粒在催化剂上表面形貌和分布、催化活性等作了初步探讨。     

细胞呼吸爆发的微量量热学研究

The heat production of Wistar rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was measured by an LKB 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor. When PMN were activited with phorbol-12-myristate13-acetate (PMA), the respiratory burst was recorded by greatly incr eased heat production. Experiment was also carred out in the present of the inhibitor, Total Flavonoids of Lycium Barbarum L. (TFL). The respiratory burst heat production peak was disappeared, but the heat production curve was higher than that of PMA because TFL increased the metabolic activities of PMN.     

细胞动力学研究VIII.Na2SeO3对黑根菌作用特征

The Characteristics of the action of Na2SeO3 on Rhizopus nigrocans has been studied by means of microcalorimetry, the relationship between growth rate constants and the concentration of Na2SeO3 is
k=0.03608exp[-0.003608(c+8.60)2]
It was found that Na2SeO3 of low concentration has promoting action on the growth of Rhizopus nigrocans cells, and high concentration of Na2SeO3 has inhibitory action. The study has provided a lot of information on the bioaffect of selenium and the research of toxicology.