电流型二氧化碳气体传感器件全固态电化学体系的研究

用聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）、二甲亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）和高氯酸四丁基铵（ＴＢＡＰ）制备了一种新型固体聚合物电解质．以恰当用量配比的ＰＡＮ－ＤＭＳＯ－ＴＢＡＰ聚合物电解质呈有高达１０－４Ｓ·ｃｍ－１的室温离子电导率和好的空间网状多孔结构,由其在金微电极上成膜构成的全固态电化学体系,在常温下对ＣＯ２气体有良好的电流响应特性．如此构型一体的全新的电流型ＣＯ２气体传感器,既消除了传统电化学传感器因电解液渗漏或干涸带来的弊端,又具有体积小、使用方便的独到优点     

基于聚碳酸丙烯酯基聚合物电解质和有机正极的全固态钠电池

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to meet the emergent requirements of various commercial applications. SIBs and LIBs are similar in many aspects, including their reduction potentials, approximate energy densities, and ionic semidiameters. Analogously, safety issues, including liquid leakage, high flammability, and explosiveness limit the usage of SIBs. All-solid-state batteries have the potential to solve the aforementioned problems. However, polycarbonates as promising solid electrolytes have been rarely exploited in all-solid-state SIBs. In addition, organic electrode materials, including non-conjugated redox polymers, carbonyl compounds, organosulfur compounds, and layered compounds, have been intensively investigated as part of various energy storage systems owing to their low cost, environmental friendliness, high energy density, and structural diversity. Nevertheless, the dissolution of small organic compounds in organic-liquid electrolytes has hindered its further applications. Fortunately, the utilization of solid polymer electrolytes combined with organic electrode materials is a promising method to prevent dissolution into the electrolyte and improve the cycling performance of SIBs. Thus, we proposed the utilization of a poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC)-based solid polymer electrolyte and cellulose nonwoven with a 3, 4, 9, 10-perylene-tetracarboxylicacid-dianhydride (PTCDA) cathode in an all-solid-state sodium battery (ASSS). The solid electrolyte significantly enhanced the safety of the SIB and was successfully synthesized via a facile method. The morphology of the as-prepared solid electrolyte was examined by electron scanning microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of the PTCDA/Na battery with organic-liquid and solid electrolytes at room temperature were compared. The SEM results demonstrated that the solid polymer electrolyte and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) were evenly distributed inside the pores of the nonwoven cellulose. The ionic conductivity of the composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) at room temperature was 3.01 × 10^-5 S·cm^-1, suggesting that the CSPE was a promising candidate for commercial applications. In addition, the ASSS showed significantly improved cycling performance at a current density of 50 mAh·g^-1 with a high capacity retention of 99.1%, whereas the discharge capacity of the liquid PTCDA/Na battery was only 24.6mAh·g^-1 after 50 cycles. This indicated that the cycling performance of the PTCDA cathode in the SIB was largely improved by preventing the dissolution of the PTCDA cathode material in the electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrated that the CSPE was compatible with the organic cathode electrode.     

锂硫银锗矿固态电解质研究进展

全固态电池因其较高的安全性和能量密度而成为下一代电动汽车和智能电网用储能器件的重点研究方向之一。开发具有高室温锂离子电导率、化学/电化学稳定性优异、对电极材料兼容性优异等特点的固态电解质材料是推动全固态电池发展的重要研究课题之一。硫化物电解质因其相对较高的室温电导率(~10⁻³ S∙cm⁻¹)、较低的电解质/电极固-固界面阻抗等优点而在众多无机固体电解质材料中成为研究热点。本文基于作者多年研究成果和当前国内外发表的相关工作,从电解质的结构、离子传导、合成、综合性能改善及在全固态电池中的应用等方面系统总结了锂硫银锗矿固态电解质材料研究,并分析了该类电解质面临的问题和挑战,最后探讨了其未来可能的研究方向和发展趋势。     

全固态锂离子选择性电极研究

研究了新型载体HPMBP-TOPO体系几种全固态锂离子选择性电极（涂丝电极、单层全固态电极、聚吡咯修饰层内接触电极）的性能。与传统型电极相比，固态电极响应斜率有所降低，而选择性稍有提高。其中聚吡咯修饰层内接触电极性能为最佳，该电极响应斜率为56.7mV/decade，并具有良好再现性和长期稳定性。     

Li10GeP2S12固态电解质电极界面特性研究

采用高温固相法合成了固态电解质Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂,其室温离子电导率为2.02×10^-3 S/cm,并组装了LiNbO₃@LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂/Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂/Li全固态电池.恒流充放电测试表明全固态电池首次放电容量121.2 mAh/g,库伦效率40周后稳定在99.8%左右,循环100周后容量保持率达93.7%.电化学阻抗谱的测试结果表明,其典型的阻抗谱图由高频区半圆（HFS）、中频区半圆（MFS）和低频区斜线（LFL）组成,其中,HFS归属于电解质阻抗（R_el//Q_el）,MFS归属于电荷传递过程（R_ct//Q_dl）,LFL归属于锂离子的固态扩散过程.通过选取适当的等效电路,对实验所得的电化学阻抗谱数据进行拟合,并分析了R_el和R_ct随电极电位的变化规律.     

高能激光六十年:回顾与展望

激光的本质是微观粒子的有序运动,而热是微观粒子的无序运动,高能激光产生过程中这一对矛盾贯穿始终,可以说高能激光的发展史,就是一部与废热的斗争史。回顾高能激光发展的六十年,剖析高能激光的科学内涵,我们大致将其划分为前后三十年的两个阶段,前一阶段着重解决能用的问题,后一阶段重在解决好用的问题。围绕产热、散热,我们剖析了激光功率、光束质量、效率三者之间的内在关联,简要回顾了各类高能激光器的发展历程,评价了各类高能激光的特色,展望了高能激光未来的发展路径。     

基于分数比可饱和脉冲变压器的全固态脉冲驱动源初步研究

设计了一台基于分数比可饱和脉冲变压器的全固态脉冲驱动源,其核心部件为分数比可饱和脉冲变压器,用来实现固态磁开关、脉冲调制、电压升压等功能,再借助Marx技术、磁开关技术和反谐振网络调制技术建立全固态脉冲驱动源,初步实验结果表明当直流电源提供100 V的充电电压时,该全固态脉冲驱动源可输出14.4 kV左右的准方波信号,脉宽约194 ns,验证了该技术方案实现输出百纳秒准方波信号的可行性,为建立百MW长脉冲信号输出的全固态脉冲驱动源模块提供了设计思路。     

GHz瓦级全固态克尔透镜锁模Yb:CYA飞秒激光器（特邀）

掺镱氯酸钆钙(Yb:CaYAlO₄,简称Yb:CYA)晶体具有生长容易、增益曲线宽广平坦以及比热容高和导热性好等优点,是产生飞秒超短脉冲的优异介质晶体。本文介绍了一种基于Yb:CYA晶体的全固态克尔透镜锁模GHz飞秒振荡器,采用功率为8 W的980 nm光纤激光作为泵浦源,腔型为四镜环形腔结构,Yb:CYA晶体厚度为3 mm。该振荡器能够产生中心波长1 051 nm、平均输出功率1.7 W的GHz飞秒脉冲,脉冲宽度为207 fs。基于Yb:CYA晶体的振荡器实现了GHz重频瓦级飞秒脉冲输出,为进一步基于此振荡器实现高重频飞秒光学频率梳打下了坚实基础。     

功率合成全固态脉冲源外场目标探测试验

 为给冲击雷达提供理想的发射源,利用功率合成技术,将多个数kV,ns级的固态脉冲源合成为MW量级的高功率脉冲源;为研究冲击雷达目标特性,设计了一套由功率合成的全固态脉冲发射机、超宽带平面TEM喇叭发射天线阵、超宽带开槽接收天线阵、正交解调采样接收机、主控计算机组成的冲击体制雷达目标探测系统;采用增大收发天线、目标与地面的距离以及在目标回波中加时间窗的方法,成功探测到2 km处在光学区RCS为0.01 m²的目标;采用16个发射单元的目标回波信号比采用8个发射单元时明显,这表明功率合成在采用较多发射单元时效果更为明显。     

大芯径Yb■YAG晶体波导近衍射极限激光输出的计算和实验验证

对具有高光束质量输出的晶体波导激光器的芯径增大方法进行了理论计算和实验验证。通过模拟计算各个导模的相对增益,在考虑模式竞争的情况下,采用Yb原子数分数为1.0%的Yb■YAG作为芯层材料,Er原子数分数为0.5%的Er■YAG作为内包层材料,芯层的基模截止厚度可以达到360μm,相当于传统计算方法的两倍。采用扩散键合技术,制备了芯层尺寸为400μm×320μm×77 mm的晶体波导,并搭建了波导激光器,得到了最大输出功率为31 W,光-光转换效率为55.3%,光束质量为1.2×1.05的近衍射极限激光输出。实验结果证实了利用模式竞争计算晶体波导基模芯径的可靠性。