单粒子表面增强拉曼光谱的二维成像研究

以单个椭球形Fe₂O₃@Au核壳粒子作为SERS活性基底, 苯硫酚(TP)作为探针分子, 研究了椭球形粒子表面SERS效应的分布, 对比了粒子尖端以及中间SERS效应的差别. 为了得到单个粒子表面不同部分对SERS强度的贡献差别, 通过数学模拟和解析了探针分子SERS的二维成像(2D-mapping)信号, 获得了粒子边缘不同点的SERS效应. 模拟分析结果表明, 当xy平面内粒子在垂直入射(z轴)平面波作用下, 单个椭球形Fe₂O₃@Au核壳粒子表面单位面积上的SERS强度相差极大, 粒子长轴方向端点附近单位面积上的SERS效应最大, 而其它表面部分较弱, 其中与短轴平行方向的表面附近为最弱, 差异可达到约2~3个数量级. 若考虑SERS增强主要为电磁场增强的尖端效应, 则单个椭球形粒子尖端的局域感应电磁场为垂直方向的5倍.     

基于Fe3O4@Au复合纳米粒子标记抗体的电化学免疫方法用于水体中大肠杆菌的检测

合成了Fe₃O₄@Au复合纳米粒子作为辣根过氧化酶标记抗体的载体, 并将该复合纳米粒子标记物应用于电化学放大免疫分析. 将电子媒介体硫堇聚合在玻碳电极表面, 以纳米金作为固定大肠杆菌抗体的基底, 通过辣根过氧化酶催化溶液中H₂O₂产生的电流信号来测定大肠杆菌. 实验结果表明, 该方法对水体中大肠杆菌检测的线性范围为50～1×10⁵ cfu/mL, 检出限为20 cfu/mL. 对过富集后的实际水样进行测定, 该法结果表明, 对水体中大肠杆菌的检测灵敏度达到2 cfu/mL.     

化学法快速测定铁基非晶合金中硼含量的试样分解方法研究

用化学法测定铁基非晶合金中硼元素时,因合金试样难溶性及硼的某些特性,存在试样分解难的问题。利用H2O2强氧化性及硼既溶于酸又溶于碱的性质,通过试验确定了用H2O2(30%)与HCl(密度约1.19g/mL)分解试样,试样溶解完全。将该方法用于测定硼质量分数大于0.5%的铁基非晶合金中的硼,测定结果与ICP-AES法测定结果相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.5%(n=10)。     

无溶剂条件下α-羟基磷酸酯的合成

在无溶剂条件下,以碳酸钾做催化剂,芳香醛与亚磷酸酯在室温下通过研磨,合成了一系列磷酸酯类化合物.该反应条件温和,操作简单,时间短,对环境友好,是一种绿色的合成方法.产物结构经IR,MS,1HNMR等方法表征.     

Aqueous-phase synthesis of PAA in PVDF membrane pores for nanoparticle synthesis and dichlorobiphenyl degradation

This paper deals with bimetallic (Fe/Pd) nanoparticle synthesis inside the membrane pores and application for catalytic dechlorination of toxic organic compounds form aqueous streams. Membranes have been used as platforms for nanoparticle synthesis in order to reduce the agglomeration, encountered in solution phase synthesis which leads to a dramatic loss of reactivity. The membrane support, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was modified by in situ polymerization of acrylic acid in aqueous phase. Subsequent steps included ion exchange with Fe²⁺, reduction to Fe⁰ with sodium borohydride and Pd deposition. Various techniques, such as STEM, EDX, FTIR and permeability measurements, were used for membrane characterization and showed that bimetallic (Fe/Pd) nanoparticles with an average size of 20–30 nm have been incorporated inside of the PAA-coated membrane pores. The Fe/Pd-modified membranes showed a high reactivity toward a model compound, 2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl and a strong dependence of degradation on Pd (hydrogenation catalyst) content. The use of convective flow substantially reduces the degradation time: 43% conversion of dichlorobiphenyl to biphenyl can be achieved in less than 40 s residence time. Another important aspect is the ability to regenerate and reuse the Fe/Pd bimetallic systems by washing with a solution of sodium borohydride, because the iron becomes inactivated (corroded) as the dechlorination reaction proceeds.     

pePC-SAFT: Modeling of polyelectrolyte systems: 1. Vapor–liquid equilibria

A molecular thermodynamic model for polyelectrolyte systems—called pePC-SAFT—is proposed. The effect of charged monomers within the polyelectrolyte chain is explicitly taken into account in the reference term by replacing the hard-chain contribution of the PC-SAFT model by a charged-hard-chain contribution. Moreover, counterion condensation is accounted for to determine the effective number of charges along the polyion as well as of free counterions. The electrostatic contribution of the free counterions is described by a Debye–Hückel term.     

Comparison on photo-initiators for the preparation of methacrylate monolithic columns for capillary electrochromatography

The synthesis of lauryl methacrylate monoliths for capillary electrochromatography by UV polymerization using several free-radical initiators (α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) and lauroyl peroxide (LPO)) has been investigated. Using a 1,4-butanediol/1-propanol mixture as porogenic solvent, the influence of each initiator and its content on the morphological and electrochromatographical properties of beds was evaluated. Under their respective optimum content, satisfactory separations of a test mixture of PAHs with similar efficiencies (minimum plate heights of 8.0–12.7 μm obtained from Van Deemter plots) were achieved for the four investigated photo-initiators. The columns photo-polymerized with LPO provided the best compromise between chromatographic performance and analysis time. Moreover, this initiator showed a fine control in the column retention properties. The resulting monolithic columns exhibited a good run-to-run repeatability in the tested chromatographic parameters (RSD < 2.4%) for all initiators investigated; and satisfactory column-to-column repeatability (RSD < 6.0%), except for beds photo-polymerized with BPO (RSD < 10.8%).     

Synthesis and Characterization of Sol-Gel Cu-ZrO2 and Fe-ZrO2 Catalysts

Fe-ZrO₂ and Cu-ZrO₂ xerogels were prepared by a sol-gel method. The effect of the hydrolysis catalyst during the gelation step, namely H₂SO₄ or NH₄OH, on the properties of the resulting materials was investigated by XRD, BET, TGA/DTA, TPD of ammonia, FTIR, and TPR. Fe-ZrO₂ and Cu-ZrO₂ xerogels, with sulfuric acid introduced as the hydrolysis catalyst, mainly crystallyzed in the tetragonal phase and exhibited larger surface area and acid amount than those obtained with NH₄OH. Ammonia TPD shows that copper promoted sulfated zirconia is the most acidic material. TGA and FTIR reveal that under oxidizing conditions sulfated zirconia promoted with iron and copper retains more sulfate species than unpromoted sulfated zirconia. Regardless of the hydrolysis catalyst employed, copper promoted catalysts calcined at 600°C, contain a large fraction of copper oxide specieseasily reduced at low temperatures. These copper oxide species are believed to have different environment and interactions with the surface oxygen vacancies of the zirconia support. A FeO-like phase appears to be the most probable one after reduction of Fe-ZrO₂ catalysts prepared with NH₄OH as the hydrolysis catalyst. The formation of Fe° species may be hindered by the high dispersion and interaction of Fe²⁺ ions with the zirconia support. On the other hand, the reduction peaks of iron oxide and sulfate species exhibit a considerable overlap in the TPR profiles of sulfated Fe-ZrO₂ samples. Hence, the nature of the supported phase in the latter samples is rather uncertain.     

新固体超强酸的制备和缩酮的合成

报道了新型固体超强酸Fe2O3／S2O8^2-催化剂的制备及其催化合成缩酮的研究工作,探讨了Fe2O3／S2O8^2-的制备方法和合成缩酮的反应条件。结果表明：酮(醛)117mmol,苯为带水剂,催化剂Fe2O3／S2O8^2-用量为原料总质量的8．4％,酮醇摩尔比为1．0：3．0,回流反应时间为4h,缩酮平均产率高达95．5％。     

Classical force field parameters for the heme prosthetic group of cytochrome c

Accurate force fields are essential for describing biological systems in a molecular dynamics simulation. To analyze the docking of the small redox protein cytochrome c (cyt c) requires simulation parameters for the heme in both the reduced and oxidized states. This work presents parameters for the partial charges and geometries for the heme in both redox states with ligands appropriate to cyt c. The parameters are based on both protein X-ray structures and ab initio density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimizations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. The simulations with the new parameter set reproduce the geometries of the X-ray structures and the interaction energies between water and heme prosthetic group obtained from B3LYP/6-31G* calculations. The parameter set developed here will provide new insights into docking processes of heme containing redox proteins.