Resolution of lymphocyte subpopulations derived from rat spleen by polyamine-graft-PHEMA copolymer

The retention behavior of lymphocyte subpopulations, B cell, T cell and null cell, derived from rat spleen to polyamine-graft-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymer (HA) surface was investigated, focusing on the conformational transition of the polyamine side chain as well as the protonation of amino groups in the polyamine grafts. Furthermore, the availability of HA was discussed as a column adsorbent for separation of lymphocyte subpopulations derived from spleen. The conformational transition of polyamine grafts significantly influenced the mode of retention of lymphocyte subpopulations. When polyamine grafts existed in an aggregated conformation (protonatin degree α < 0.5), the retention of lymphocyte subpopulations was decreased in the order B cell> null cell> T cell. On the other hand, when polyamine existed in an extended conformation into the aqueous interior from the matrix interface (α > 0.5), T cell retention became greater than null cell retention, resulting in a decreased B cell> T cell> null cell order. These results indicate that the differential retention of spleen lymphocyte subpopulations is attributed to their differential responses to the change in matrix interface accompanied by the protonation of amino groups. Furthermore, spleen lymphocytes were compared with lymph node lymphocytes in terms of resolution efficacy by an HA copolymer column.     

Quantitative study on La~(3+) influx mediated by sodium-calcium exchanger in human lymphocytes

Whether La3+ can enter human peripheral blood lymphocytes by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger or not and the effect of La3+on the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity are examined by fura-2 technique. And that whether La3+ is sequestered by intracellular organelles (mainly endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria) is studied by this method. La3+uptake is obviously stimulated by pre-treating the cells with ouabain and by removing extracellular Na+, and intracellular La3+concentration ([La3+]i) is directly proportional to its extracellular concentration ([La3+]o). But when [La3+]o exceeds 0.4 mmol/L, the 340/380 nm ratio of fluorescence is no longer varied and the maximum [La3+], is 1.5×10-12 mol · L-1. The higher concentration of La3+ (0.1 mmol/L) increases Na+/Ca2+ exchange-mediated calcium influx, but lower concentration (10 μmol/L) appears to block calcium influx. The results also suggest that cytosolic La3+ is transported by the ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump. Intracellular Ca2+ stores are depleted by ionomycin, and then ion     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在小鼠T细胞增殖中的作用

目的:了解p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)在ConA刺激下小鼠T细胞增殖中的作用。方法:以活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯染色,建立了在多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A(ConA)刺激下评价小鼠T细胞增殖的模型,通过流式细胞术分析p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的特异性抑制剂SB203580在不同剂量、不同时间对T细胞增殖的作用,并应用CellQuest和SPSS10.0 forW indows软件分析增殖细胞各代所占比例和增殖指数(PI)。结果:羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯染色分析显示,随着SB203580浓度从0.5μmol/L逐渐增至15.0μmol/L,T细胞增殖逐渐减弱,以15.0μmol/L SB203580的抑制作用最为明显,呈剂量依赖关系(r=-0.97,P<0.01);SB203580浓度增加至20.0μmol/L时,细胞大量死亡。选用SB203580最佳浓度(15.0μmol/L),随时间从24 h至72 h递增,SB203580对T细胞增殖的抑制作用逐渐增强,以72 h抑制作用最为明显,84~96 h后,抑制作用逐渐减弱。结论:p38 MAPK在ConA刺激的T细胞增殖中起着重要的作用。     

小鼠阑尾淋巴组织的发生

对不同日龄幼鼠阑尾淋巴组织的发生、T和B细胞在阑尾中出现的时间及分布的系统研究表明:小鼠阑尾淋巴组织是在出生后逐渐发育形成的.幼鼠出生当日,在其阑尾内固有膜增厚,在淋巴滤泡原基中已具有成熟的T淋巴细胞和较成熟的B淋巴细胞.出生后随着淋巴滤泡的发育及肠道内抗原的刺激,T和B淋巴细胞数目逐渐增多,最终分别定位分布于淋巴滤泡的滤泡间区与滤泡区内.     

FT-IR analysis of single human normal and leukemic lymphocytes

The infrared spectra of single human normal and leukemic lymphocytes have been obtained by means of the microscope-FT-IR system. Substantial differences between the two kinds of cells have been observed at level of the O-P-O vibrations of the DNA and of the proteic components. This determination opens up the possibility in determining the early stages of leukemia, in following the course of patients under therapy, and in evaluation of the residual neoplastic disease.     

Magnetic bead based immunoassay for enumeration of CD4 T lymphocytes on a microfluidic device

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostics are urgently needed in resource-scarce settings. Monitoring of HIV-infected patients requires accurate counting of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. However, the current methods for enumeration of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes are of high cost, technically complex and time-consuming. In this paper, we developed a simple, rapid and inexpensive one-step immunomagnetic method for separating and counting CD4⁺ T lymphocytes on microfluidic devices with enlarged reaction chambers. CD4⁺ T lymphocytes were successfully separated and captured from the cell suspension obtained from mouse thymus. CD4 counts were determined under an optical microscope in a rapid and simple format. In order to acquire the maximum efficiency of cell capture, relative parameters were investigated, including section area of the reaction chamber and injection flow rate of the cell suspension. The enlarged reaction chamber with two symmetrical cone-shaped ends was helpful for cell capture, and the maximum capability of captured CD4⁺ T lymphocytes was about 700 cells μL⁻¹. Our investigations avoided the complex sample pre-treatment, and the entire analysis time was significantly reduced to 15 min. This CD4 counting microdevice had the potential to reduce the cost for HIV diagnosis in resource-limited settings.     

On the dielectric relaxation of biological cell suspensions: the effect of the membrane electrical conductivity

Due to the mismatch of the electrical parameters (the permittivity ?' and the electrical conductivity σ) of the membrane of a biological cell with the ones of the cytosol and the extracellular medium, biological cell suspensions are the site, under the influence of an external electric field, of large dielectric relaxations in the radiowave frequency range. However, a point still remains controversial, i.e., whether or not the value of membrane conductivity σ(s) might be extracted from the de-convolution of the dielectric spectra or otherwise if it would be more reasonable to assign to the membrane conductivity a value equal to zero. This point is not to be considered with superficiality since it concerns an a priori choice which ultimately influences the values of the electrical parameters deduced from this technique. As far as this point is concerned, the opinion of the researchers in this field diverges. We believe that, at least within certain limits, the membrane conductivity can be deduced from the shape of the relaxation spectra. We substantiate this thesis with two different examples concerning the first a suspension of human normal erythrocyte cells and the second a suspension of human lymphocyte cells. In both cases, by means of an accurate fitting procedure based on the Levenberg-Marquardt method for complex functions, we can evaluate the membrane conductivity σ(s) with its associated uncertainty. The knowledge of the membrane electrical conductivity will favor the investigation of different ion transport mechanisms across the cell membrane.     

Natural Polyphenols as Immunomodulators to Rescue Immune Response Homeostasis: Quercetin as a Research Model against Severe COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is leading to the worst health crisis of this century. It emerged in China during late 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world, producing a broad spectrum of clinical disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic infection to death (4.3 million victims so far). Consequently, the scientific research is devoted to investigating the mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis to both identify specific therapeutic drugs and develop vaccines. Although immunological mechanisms driving COVID-19 pathogenesis are still largely unknown, new understanding has emerged about the innate and adaptive immune responses elicited in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which are mainly focused on the dysregulated inflammatory response in severe COVID-19. Polyphenols are naturally occurring products with immunomodulatory activity, playing a relevant role in reducing inflammation and preventing the onset of serious chronic diseases. Mainly based on data collected before the appearance of SARS-CoV-2, polyphenols have been recently suggested as promising agents to fight COVID-19, and some clinical trials have already been approved with polyphenols to treat COVID-19. The aim of this review is to analyze and discuss the in vitro and in vivo research on the immunomodulatory activity of quercetin as a research model of polyphenols, focusing on research that addresses issues related to the dysregulated immune response in severe COVID-19. From this analysis, it emerges that although encouraging data are present, they are still insufficient to recommend polyphenols as potential immunomodulatory agents against COVID-19.     

PCR扩增人外周血淋巴细胞抗体基因的探讨

采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法,以一组人抗体重链和轻链简并引物,直接从人外周血混合淋巴细胞中扩增出抗体重链Ｆｄ和κ轻链基因．结果提示：用Ｔｒｉｚｏｌ试剂提取细胞总ＲＮＡ,以Ｏｌｉｇ（ｄＴ）引导合成ｃＤＮＡ第一链,再经ＰＣＲ扩增的方法,是值得优先采用的方法．细胞总ＲＮＡ的提取不必追求高纯度,少量外周血即足以满足构建抗体库所需,简并引物可获得良好的扩增效果,为构建噬菌体抗体库奠定了基础     

猪小肠抗菌肽对SPF鸡肠道黏膜免疫功能的影响

60只1日龄的SPF 鸡随机分为两组,来评价添加外源性抗菌肽对其肠道黏膜免疫功能的影响.结果表明:1)十二指肠、空肠和回肠内的上皮内淋巴细胞数量从第21日龄起,与对照组相比差异明显(p<0.05).2)自21日龄起,在抗菌肽处理组可以见到明显的肥大细胞,而在对照组少见(p<0.05).3)抗菌肽的处理能显著增加各段肠道内杯状细胞的数量(p<0.05).4)使用抗菌肽处理后,能提高各段肠道的sIgA的表达.添加外源性的抗菌物质,能显著提高SPF鸡的肠道黏膜免疫参数,并且有助于进一步深入了解抗菌肽对肠道黏膜免疫的调控机制.