Characteristics and production of thermostable α-amylase

Thermostable α-amylases have application in a variety of industrial processes and enzymes from a substantial number of thermophilic bacteria and fungi have been screened and characterized to varying degrees. The characteristics of these enzymes are summarized in this review. The genetics of α-amylase production inBacillus subtilis is reviewed and classical and recombinant DNA approaches to increasing α-amylase production are discussed.     

Enhanced selectivity for inhibition of analog-sensitive protein kinases through scaffold optimization

The ability to inhibit any protein kinase of interest with a small molecule is enabled by a combination of genetics and chemistry. Genetics is used to modify the active site of a single kinase to render it distinct from all naturally occurring kinases. Next, organic synthesis is used to develop a small molecule, which does not bind to wild-type kinases but is a potent inhibitor of the engineered kinase. This approach, termed chemical genetics, has been used to generate highly potent mutant kinase-specific inhibitors based on a pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold. Here, we asked if the selectivity of the resulting pyrazolopyrimidines could be improved, as they inhibit several wild-type kinases with low-micromolar IC₅₀ values. Our approach to improve the selectivity of allele-specific inhibitors was to explore a second kinase inhibitor scaffold. A series of 6,9-disubstituted purines was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for inhibitory activity against several kinases in vitro and in vivo. Several purines proved to be potent inhibitors against the analog-sensitive kinases and exhibited greater selectivity than the existing pyrazolopyrimidines.     

李森科学派——现代遗传学发展中的一股逆流(续完)

任本命,王　虹(西安文理学院化学与生命科学系,陕西西安710065)5　赫鲁晓夫的倒台和李森科主义的终结为了挽救苏联农业的失败,赫鲁晓夫准备进行新的改组并要求召开新的中央委员会.1964年夏末,他关于改组农业和提高生产水平的一次报告起草完毕,并发到各科研单位和地区委员会传阅.据说这篇报告的基本思想是将农业部对农业的集中控制权下放到负责作物生产的各专门部、委和托拉斯.其中一个托拉斯或委员会专门处理李森科关于生产混合肥料的建议,报告草案对李森科的反对者仍然进行了严厉的批评.报告准备好后,赫鲁晓夫先是出国访问,回来之后便到黑…     

把基因分析引进人类学——人类学学者访谈录之三十九

结合自身的研究,探讨了遗传学在人类学的应用及前景问题,如体质人类学、医学人类学、分子人类学、考古人类学等分支领域。     

动物基因图谱的研究现状及其应用

随着人类基因组测序的完成，近年来，动物基因组计划也取得了巨大进展．目前已有猪、牛、羊、马、鹿、鸡等动物绘制了较完善的遗传图谱。这些图谱的建立对了解动物整个基因组结构和对家畜中与重要经济性状相关的基因或遗传标记的鉴定及对家畜开展分子标记辅助选择均十分重要，该文从国内外构建动物基因图谱的方法、研究现状及发展趋势等方面对动物基因图谱的研究作了简要阐述；并探讨了其在基因定位、遗传分析、分子标记辅助选择和研究动物染色体行为等方面的应用。     

《遗传学》实验教学与创新能力提高的探索与实践

遗传学是生命科学域的重要基础学科。为适应生命科学的发展,实施创新教育,培养创新人才与卓越人才,《遗传学》实验的教学内容和教学模式必须与时俱进进行改革。随着农业院校培养方案的改革,结合西北农林科技大学创新人才培养的目标和要求,文中在教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、教学过程等方面开展了一系列教学改革的研究与实践,对进一步深化遗传学实验教学改革具有重要意义。     

A method of identifying the blood contributor in mixture stains through detecting blood-specific mRNA polymorphism

In the past decades, messenger RNA (mRNA) biomarkers have been employed to identify the origin of body fluids in forensic medicine. We hypothesized that the polymorphism of mRNA could be applied to identify individuals in mixture samples composed of two body fluids. In this study, we selected five blood-specific mRNA biomarkers of venous blood (SPTB, CD3G, AMICA1, ANK1, and GYPA) that encompass 16 SNPs to identify the mixture contributor(s). Five specific gene markers for menstrual blood, semen, skin, saliva, and vaginal secretions were amplified and typed as body-fluid positive controls. We established the system of multiplex PCR and single base extension (SBE) reaction followed by CE. The amplicon size was between 90bp and 294bp. The peripheral blood specificity was examined against other human body fluids, including saliva, semen, skin, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretion. The 16 SNPs were peripheral blood specific and could be successfully typed in homemade mixtures which are composed of different body fluids with 1 ng peripheral blood mRNA added. This system showed a supersensitivity (1:100) in detecting the trace amount of peripheral blood mixed in other body fluids and a combined discrimination power (CDP) of 0.99929 in Chinese population. It was the first time to establish a method for identifying the blood donors and deconvoluting mixtures through detecting mRNA polymorphism with SNaPshot assay. This peripheral blood specific SNP typing system showed high sensitivity to the typing of blood source specific markers regardless of other body fluids in the mixture.     

A probabilistic analysis of a discrete-time evolution in recombination

We study the discrete-time evolution of a recombination transformation in population genetics. The transformation acts on a product probability space, and its evolution can be described by a Markov chain on a set of partitions that converges to the finest partition. We describe the geometric decay rate to this limit and the quasi-stationary behavior of the Markov chain when conditioned on the event that the chain does not hit the limit.     

病毒基因组中的对称性

病毒基因组中的重复序列比率很低,因为其核酸序列大都是编码区域.如果出现一段同向对称或者是反向对称序列在病毒基因组中,它往往代表一个调控元件,或者是一个信号因子.我们总结了病毒中的一些对称序列,并阐明它的特点,分布及功能.