Stationary phase properties of the organic molten salt ethylpyridinium bromide in gas chromatography

Summary The organic molten salt, 1-ethylpyridinium bromide, is suitable for use as a stationary phase in gas chromatography. It has a usable liquid temperature range of 110 to 160°C. It undergoes a single phase transition at 110°C which corresponds to the bulk melting point. Below the melting point the phase may be used as a selective adsorbent, although column efficiency and peak symmetry deteriorate as the temperature is lowered from the melting point. Above the melting point, ethylpyridinium bromide can be used to separate a wide variety of organic compounds retaining strongly those compounds possessing large dipole or hydrogen bonding functional groups.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钙盐试剂中的痕量镉

采用巯基棉分离富集钙盐试剂中的前量镉,用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行测定。方法简便、快速,结果满意。样品测定的相对标准偏差均小于４．８１％。     

Microgravity experiments on colloidal crystallization of silica spheres in the presence of sodium chloride

 Rate coefficients (k) in the colloidal crystallization of monodispersed silica spheres in the presence of sodium chloride are studied in microgravity achieved by parabolic flights of an aircraft. Time-resolved reflection spectroscopy is made with a continuous circulating-type stopped-flow cell system. The k values decrease as the salt concentration increases both at 0 and 1 G and those in microgravity are smaller than those in normal gravity by 16% (maximum), especially in water and in the presence of a small amount of the salt lower than 2 × 10⁻⁶ mol/l. The rates in flight at 1 G are larger by 15% (maximum) compared with those at 1 G on the ground. The k values obtained at 0 G, 1 G in flight and 1 G on the ground agree excellently with each other for the suspensions with 3 × 10⁻⁶ and 4 × 10⁻⁶ mol/l sodium chloride. Disappearance of the downward diffusion of spheres and no convection of the suspensions are important for retardation in microgravity. Received: 20 January 2000 Accepted: 9 March 2000     

流动注射-催化分光光度法测定加碘食盐中的无机总碘

根据碘酸根离子（或其它氧化态的碘）在酸性介质中先经亚砷酸还原成碘离子,再利用碘离子催化Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）－Ａｓ（Ⅲ）反应可测定碘酸根离子（或其它氧化态碘）的原理,建立了流动注射催化分光光度法测定碘酸钾或碘化钾加碘食盐中无机总碘的新方法,该法质量浓度的线性范围为０～０．５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,适合于上述两种加碘食盐１００倍稀释液的测定,质量浓度的检出限为０．０３ｍｇ／Ｌ（对应于固体食盐３μｇ／ｇ的Ｉ）。对于０．３０ｍ     

α，ω－双香豆素长链化合物光二聚反应的影响因素

对α，ω－双香豆素长链化合物光二聚反应中盐效应、溶剂效应、粘度效应及连接体的长度和柔顺性等因素的影响进行了研究。借助１ＨＮＭＲ谱、ＵＶ吸收谱、荧光光谱分别对α，ω－双香豆素长链化合物在不同条件下的构象进行了分析，并解释了不同条件下的光二聚行为     

定标粒子理论预测乙醇－水体系汽液平衡盐效应

测定了７０℃下３个１－１型电解质（ＮａＣｌ、ＮａＢｒ、ＫＣｌ）在各种不同浓度的乙醇－水体系中的汽液平衡盐效应参数，并给出用定标粒子理论计算盐效应参数的方法。硬球作用项采用Ｍａｓｔｅｒｔｏｎ－Ｌｅｅ方程，软球作用项采用胡英的径向分布函数。分子间力在Ｌｅｎｎａｒｄ－Ｊｏｎｅｓ位能函数基础上计入偶极－偶极、偶极－诱导偶极、电荷－偶极、电荷－诱导偶极的贡献，其中离子－分子间的静电作用项仅限于规则排列的第一配位圈之内。将混合溶剂的局部介电常数视为液相浓度的函数，函数关系由实验拟合。在乙醇浓度变化的很大范围内，３个体系的预测与实验结果基本相符。     

Micellization and adsorption of a zwitterionic surfactant: N-dodecyl betaine-effect of salt

Time-resolved fluorescence quenching, self-diffusion measurements and calorimetric investigations have been used in order to investigate the effect of salt on aggregation in aqueous solutions and the adsorption onto silica gel of the zwitterionic surfactant N-dodecyl betaine (NDB).

The micelle aggregation number of NDB stays constant when the NDB or salt concentration increases but decreases with an increase of temperature. Evidence is presented for the binding of cations and anions to micellar aggregates. The degree of binding has been obtained for Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions; it is always larger for the anion.

Enthalpies of micellization were obtained directly from calorimetric curves of NDB in dilution experiments. The observed decrease of the endothermic enthalpies of micellization with increasing temperature or salinity is attributed to a structural change in the water molecules around the alkyl chain of the free monomers.

The adsorption isotherms of NDB onto silica gel depend very little on temperature, and a plateau is reached near the CMC. At saturation, the adsorbed amount of NDB depends on the salt and follows the sequence NDB < (NDB + NaCl) < (NDB + CaCl₂).

The exothermic differential molar enthalpies of adsorption demonstrate the same behaviour as the enthalpies of micellization with varying temperature or salinity. Adsorption onto silica gel depends on the NDB concentration, the salt concentration and temperature.     

新银盐光度法测定磷酸氢钙中的微量砷

以硝酸银－乙酸－聚忆烯醇－乙醇作为砷化氢吸收液,Ｚｎ－ＫＩ－ＳｎＣｌ２为还原体系的新银盐光度法测定了磷酸氢钼中的微量砷。Ａｓ＾２－含量在０－７．５μｇ／５ｍＬ范围内服从比耳定律。应用于磷酸氢钙样品中Ａｓ呈测定,回收率９６－１０３％,方法检出限为２．８８×１０＾－６ｇ／Ｌ,ＲＳＤ为０．９４－５．５０％,测定结果与标准方法基本一致。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学研究进展

综述了近２０年来从事青藏高原新类型硼酸盐盐湖“盐卤硼酸盐化学”的研究进展。