潮汕牛肉丸煮制前后关键性香气成分对比分析

采用固相微萃取(solid-phase microextraction, SPME)结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry, GC-O-MS)分析潮汕牛肉丸煮制前后挥发性香气活性物质,同时结合香气活性值(odor activity value, OAV)确定关键性香气活性成分。结果表明,在煮制前后牛肉丸中共鉴定出42种挥发性成分,包括含硫化合物11种,醛类7种,杂环化类4种,醇类4种,烃类10种,酯类2种,酮类1种,酚类2种,酸类1种;嗅闻鉴定出12种香气活性物质,经OAV分析确认生牛肉丸中的关键性香气成分是二烯丙基硫醚、二烯丙基二硫醚、甲基烯丙基硫醚、反式-2-辛烯醛、己醛、壬醛;熟牛肉丸的关键性香气成分是二烯丙基硫醚、己醛、壬醛、二烯丙基二硫醚。比较关键性香气物质OAV的前后变化,发现二烯丙基硫醚、甲基烯丙基硫醚、二烯丙基二硫醚、甲基烯丙基二硫醚、反式-2-辛烯醛、己醛是导致潮汕牛肉丸煮制风味变化的关键性香气成分。     

Sensory-Based Identification of Aroma-Active Compounds in Hotpot Seasoning before and after Boiling

Boiling, the most frequent edible way to hotpot seasoning (HS), exerts a significant impact on the aroma of HS. The present study employed, for the first time, a novel switchable system between GC-O-MS and GC×GC-O-MS (SGC/GC×GC-O-MS) to study the aroma compounds of HS and hotpot seasoning boiling liquid (HSBL). A total of 79 aroma compounds and 56 aroma-active compounds were identified. The aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was used to analyze the differences between the key aroma-active components in the HS and HSBL. The results showed that 13 aroma-active components were significantly affected by boiling, such as D-limonene, methional, and linalool. Moreover, a total of 22 key aroma-active components were identified through the odor activity values (OAVs) calculation. Of them, (E)-2-octenal (fatty) and linalool showed a significant difference, suggesting them to be the most critical aroma-active compounds in the HSBL, and HS, respectively. Finally, the correlation between key aroma-active compounds and the sensory properties of HS and HSBL was studied. These results demonstrated that the OAVs of key aroma-active compounds could characterize the real information of samples through bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS). The analysis results were consistent with the sensory evaluation results.     

GC-O-MS对比两种浓香型白酒中的挥发性成分

通过直接进样法对两种浓香型白酒五粮液和盐井坊进行了气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱的定性和相对定量分析,得出两种酒风味不同的主要原因有酒中含有的酯类和酸类的不同配比,醇类和醛、酮类在种类上的差别等.五粮液中主要的4种酯,己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯的比例为1∶0.18∶0.07∶0.08,而在盐井坊中这四种酯的比例为1∶0.24∶0.24∶0.08.五粮液中醋酸、丁酸和己酸的比例为0.26∶0.10∶1,而盐井坊中这三种酸的比例为1.17∶0.26∶1.     

Analysis and Comparison of Aroma Compounds of Brown Sugar in Guangdong,Guangxi and Yunnan Using GC-O-MS

Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan are the three provinces in China that yield the most brown sugar, a brown-red colored solid or powdered sugar product made from sugar cane. In the present study, the differences between odor compounds of brown sugar from Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces in China were compared and analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). A total of 80 odor compounds, including 5 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, 8 phenols, 21 acids, 14 ketones, 5 esters, 12 pyrazines, and 6 other compounds, were detected. The fingerprint analysis of the brown sugar odor compounds showed 90% similarity, indicating a close relationship among the odor properties of brown sugar in each province. Moreover, the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed to identify the compounds contributing to the volatile classification of the brown sugar from three provinces, which confirmed that OPLS-DA could be a potential tool to distinguish the brown sugar of three origins.     

Comparison of Different Volatile Extraction Methods for the Identification of Fishy Off-Odor in Fish By-Products

This study was conducted to analyze volatile odor compounds and key odor-active compounds in the fish soup using fish scarp and bone. Five extraction methods, including solid-phase microextraction (SPME), dynamic headspace sampling (DHS), solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), were compared and SPME was finally selected as the best extraction method for further study. The volatile odor compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-O-MS) techniques, and the key odor-active compounds were identified via aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and relative odor activity value (r-OAV) calculation. A total of 38 volatile compounds were identified by GC-O-MS, among which 10 were declared as odor-active compounds. Whereas 39 volatile compounds were identified by GC × GC-O-MS, among which 12 were declared as odor-active compounds. The study results revealed that 1-octen-3-one, 2-pentylfuran, (E)-2-octenal, 1-octen-3-one, hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, (E,Z)-2,6-nondienal and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine were the key odor-active compounds in the fish soup.     

GC-O-MS分析热处理前后西瓜汁挥发性风味成分

利用GC-O-MS分析热处理前后西瓜汁的挥发性有机物风味成分。结果表明,GC-O-MS鉴定出鲜榨西瓜汁44种气味化合物,热处理西瓜汁50种气味化合物。结合嗅闻、气味稀释因子和香气活性值确定鲜榨西瓜汁中的关键气味化合物是壬醛(清香、青草味)、反-2-壬烯醛(清香、黄瓜味)、反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛(清香、黄瓜味)、反,顺-3,6-壬二烯醇(清香、黄瓜味)、反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醇(清香、黄瓜味)和香叶基丙酮(花香、甜味);热处理西瓜汁中关键气味化合物为反-2-庚烯醛(脂味、苦味)、1-癸醛(脂味、肥皂味)、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮(蘑菇味、霉味)、苯乙酮(苦杏仁味)、二乙基二硫醚(大蒜味)和顺-6-壬烯醛(臭味、刺激味)。顺-6-壬烯醛特征气味原为清香、黄瓜味,而热处理西瓜汁中顺-6-壬烯醛的含量增大,超过感官评价员鼻子的耐受值,呈现臭味、刺激味。热处理产生了异味成分,气味化合物的变化导致了西瓜汁加热后的蒸煮味。