A multi-object image segmentation C–V model based on region division and gradient guide

The Chan–Vese (C–V) model is an ineffective method for processing images in which the intensity is inhomogeneous. This is especially true for multi-object segmentation, in which the target may be missed or excessively segmented. In addition, for images with rich texture information, the processing speed of the C–V is slow. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes an effective multi-object C–V segmentation model based on region division and gradient guide. First, a rapid initial contour search is conducted using Otsu’s method. This contour line becomes the initial contour for our multi-object segmentation C–V model based on a gradient guide. To achieve the multi-object segmentation the image is then converted to a single level set whose evolution is controlled using an adaptive gradient. The feasibility of the proposed model is analyzed theoretically, and a number of simulation experiments are conducted to validate its effectiveness.     

Combined Path and Maximum Empty Static Routing Algorithms with Wavelength Assignment for Future Transport Networks

Abstract

In this article, two static routing algorithms have been proposed and compared to some of the existing algorithms on the basis of blocking probability. The two proposed static routing and wavelength assignment algorithms reduce the blocking probability to maximize the utilization of the network. All of these algorithms are analyzed and compared with four wavelength assignment schemes, which are first-fit, random, most used, and least used. It is shown that our proposed static algorithms give the best performance for first-fit wavelength assignment and most used wavelength assignment strategies with reduced complexity. For least used wavelength assignment and random wavelength assignment, 1 fixed and 2 alternate routing algorithm gives the lowest blocking probability.     

Combinatorial and approximative analyses in a spatially random division process

For a spatial characteristic, there exist commonly fat-tail frequency distributions of fragment-size and -mass of glass, areas enclosed by city roads, and pore size/volume in random packings. In order to give a new analytical approach for the distributions, we consider a simple model which constructs a fractal-like hierarchical network based on random divisions of rectangles. The stochastic process makes a Markov chain and corresponds to directional random walks with splitting into four particles. We derive a combinatorial analytical form and its continuous approximation for the distribution of rectangle areas, and numerically show a good fitting with the actual distribution in the averaging behavior of the divisions.     

级联光栅结合Sagnac环的可调谐光纤激光器

提出并验证了一种单-双波长可调谐掺铒光纤激光器。利用级联光纤布拉格光栅(Cascaded Fiber Bragg gratings,Cascaded FBGs)结合Sagnac环结构所产生的复合滤波效应,实现较高精细度滤波,并通过调节环内偏振控制器(Polarization Controller,PC),引入双折射效应,得到波长可调谐的光纤激光器。基于耦合模理论并使用传输矩阵法对该结构的传输特性进行了分析,在此基础上搭建实验系统,验证了理论分析的正确性。实验结果表明:通过调节PC,激光器输出激光的波长范围约为1 555.644～1 556.112 nm,双波长间隔的可调范围约为0.108～0.452 nm,单-双波长的边模抑制比(SMSR)均高于40 dB;在稳定性测试中,输出单-双波长激光的波长最大漂移量小于0.008 nm。该方法具有结构简单、调谐方便、易于实现且精细度较高的优点,可应用于密集波分复用及全光通信系统等领域。     

“蜡烛火焰划分”实验的局限成因分析及改进研究

人教版初中化学首个探究性实验"蜡烛及其燃烧"明确指出火焰的划分方法，但在实际教学中肉眼观察法和火柴梗燃烧法对蜡烛火焰的划分存在一定的局限性。采用文献研究法和实验验证法分析其局限性的成因——燃料的析炭能力强弱、材料结构的不同等，并提出相应的改进建议。     

新时期漳州广电网络1550nm传输设计方案

介绍了漳州广电网络1 550 nm传输设计方案,包括组网方式和直调1 550 nm光发射机的选型等,阐述了双重保护的概念。就怎样选择EDFA的输出光功率发表了自己的一些看法。     

Tunable dual-wavelength ring fiber laser with stable output based on saturable absorber and thin core passive fiber

A dual-wavelength erbium-doped ring fiber laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated though a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The proposed dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, which is based on a ring fiber laser structure, is fabricated using two fiber Bragg gratings. By adjusting the gains and losses of the fiber laser structure, the laser can be switched between single- and double-wavelength modes. A saturable absorber (SA) is used to improve the output laser stability, which is further enhanced by splicing a thin core passive fiber (TCPF) into the laser cavity to produce a Mach–Zehnder filter effect. Optimizing the lengths of the SA and TCPF results in the adoption of a 1-m EDF and a 4-m passive fiber. On the basis of these enhancements and optimizations, a fiber laser with stable output is constructed that incurs single- or dual-wavelength laser shifts of less than 3 pm at room temperature over a period of 250 s.     

Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on PSO-GA for Multi-User OFDM System

In order to minimize the transmitted power in the multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, a scheme combining the improved particle swarm optimization (POS) algorithm with genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to optimize the sub-carriers and bits allocation. In the algorithm, a random velocity between the maximum and minimum particle velocity is used as the updating velocity instead of maximum or minimum velocity when the updated particle velocity is higher than the maximum particle velocity or lower than the minimum particle velocity. Then, the convergence population is used as the initial population of the genetic algorithm to optimize the sub-carriers and bits allocation further. Simulation results show that the transmitted power of the proposed algorithm is about 2 dB to 10 dB lower than that of the genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, and Zhang's algorithm.     

一种基于频分复用信号的宽带数字收发设计

介绍了一种基于频分复用信号的宽带数字收发设计。根据软件无线电基本理论给出了系统的硬件具体实现和软件处理流程,描述了基于FPGA平台的并行FIR滤波器和并行CIC滤波器的高效实现方法。给出了宽带数字收发系统的仿真和测试结果。该系统硬件结构简洁,逻辑资源开销小,通用性和扩展性强。     

零模间色散三芯光子晶体光纤

为了研究纤芯掺杂低折射率材料后三芯光子晶体光纤中任意两超模之间的模间色散特性,采用全矢量有限元法进行了仿真,取得了模间色散系数、零模间色散波长随纤芯折射率和结构参量变化的数据。结果表明,通过调节纤芯折射率、纤芯直径、空气孔直径以及孔间距这4个结构参量,可以使任意两超模间的模间色散在两个常用波段1.31m和1.55m处为0。该结果对于消除基于模分复用的光纤不同模式间因为模间色散导致的脉冲失真和实现零模间色散的模分复用技术是有帮助的。