Determination of Occurrence Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soil and Water Environments in Tianshan Mountains,Central Asia

China has one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, but this economic development has important implications for environmental changes in this country. Our research was to quantify the presence of heavy metals in soil and water environments in the Tianshan Mountains region of China, associated with the economic development of this region. We used anomaly analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis to assess the occurrence characteristics of heavy metals in this area. Results showed that Co, Cr, As, and Ni are more prevalent in water environments than in soil environments; in contrast, Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Mn are more prevalent in soil samples than in water samples. This analysis grouped 10 heavy metals in soil and water environments into three principal components. In soil environments, the prevalence order was Co, Ni, Cr, As > Mn, Zn, Pb > Hg, Cd, Cu. In water environments, the order was Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, As > Hg, Mn, Zn > Cd, Pb. It is possible to distinguish between the natural and the anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in the Tianshan Mountains. With the current rapid economic development in the Tianshan Mountains, anthropogenic sources are playing principal roles in serious heavy metal accumulations in this region. This problem warrants immediate and widespread attention to prevent further deterioration of the soil and water environments.     

Film-forming characteristics and thermal stability of low viscosity benzoxazines derived from melamine

A novel class of low-viscosity benzoxazines has been synthesized from melamine and formaldehyde with phenol or bisphenol A. The striking feature of the class of benzoxazines is the subtle combination of their inherently low viscosity at room temperature, good film-forming characteristics and high chemical and thermal stability mainly due to the introduction of melamine into the network of the polymers. The structure of the benzoxazines has been confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal properties of polybenzoxazine have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Transparent polybenzoxazine films were easily obtained under solvent-free conditions, exhibiting significantly improved toughness compared to the conventional polybenzoxazines. Our research may open a new path for overcoming the present drawbacks of polybenzoxazines such as high brittleness, the difficulties in preparing films and poor processibility via tailoring the structures and properties of amine in the benzoxazines.     

Redox Transformation of Adducts from Cycloaddition of Diazoacetic Ester to β-Arylacryloyloxiranes

It was established that, in addition to ethyl 4-aryl-3-(2,3-epoxyalkanoyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylates, the reaction of diazoacetic ester with β-arylacryloyloxiranes also gives ethyl 4-aryl-3(5)-(3-hydroxy-2-methylalkanoyl)-1H-pyrazole-5(3)-carboxylates. The latter are formed from the tautomeric ethyl 4-aryl-5-(2,3-epoxyalkanoyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates as a result of intramolecular oxidative-reductive disproportionation. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, 1150–1160, August, 2005.     

长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒精氨酸酯酶1的研究Ⅱ.酶学性质和荧光光谱研究(续Ⅰ)

测得了长白山白眉蝮蛇毒精氨酸酯酶 1的最适反应的pH范围为 7.0～ 8.0 ,且与酶反应底物对甲苯磺酰-L -精氨酸甲酯 (TAME)的反应无明显的最适应反应温度 .荧光光谱的研究结果表明 :该酶的酪氨酸残基的荧光被色氨酸残基的荧光所掩盖 ;同步荧光光谱结果表明 :当发射波长与激发波长差Δλ分别为 2 0nm和 75nm时 ,精氨酸酯酶 1的荧光光谱分别由酪氨酸 (Tyr)和色氨酸 (Trp)残基所贡献 ,且处于亲水性环境中 ;精氨酸酯酶 1的荧光发射强度受溶液酸度变化的影响 .I- ,Acr和NBS对精氨酸酯酶 1的荧光淬灭结果表明这种酶中含有多个色氨酸残基 ,且处于不同的微环境中。     

雎水流域的水化学特征及其地表水与地下水的相互转化

为了解特定流域的水化学特征及其运移和转化的历史,为水资源科学管理提供依据,分析了小流域雎水河的水化学特征。结果表明:(1)雎水河流域主要是大气降水补给的地矿化度的溶滤水。(2)雎水河全线都是地下水补给地表水。(3)部分泉点矿化度相对较高与SO24-较高有关,可能是因为流经了含煤地层。     

全钒液相储能体系的功率特性研究

研究了全钒功率型液相储能体系惰性电极厚度、活性物质浓度、电解液流量等因素对放电电压和功率密度的影响,以及该液相储能体系的结构和功率特性.在本实验的优化条件下,输出功率密度可达3121W/L.     

Regional characteristics of naturally occurring radionuclides in surface sediments of Chinese deserts and the Keum River area of Korea

Naturally occurring radionuclides (NORN) such as ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th from 44 surface sediment samples collected from four desert regions of Chinese were determined to investigate the regional characteristics of the source areas of Asian dust. The radionuclides for 41 surface sediment samples collected from seven sites of the Keum River area in Korea were also determined to compare the regional characteristics with the Chinese desert area. The specific activities (SA) and the specific activity ratios (SAR) of the radionuclides were investigated for distinguishing the source region of Asian dust. The SA of ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th as well as the SAR of ²²⁶Ra/⁴⁰K and ²³²Th/⁴⁰K were found to be useful to characterize source area and tracing Asian dust.     

Spectral Characteristics of LiSrBO3：Tb^3＋ Green Phosphor

LiSrBO3:Tb3+ green phosphor was synthesized by means of a solid state reaction and its spectral characteristics were studied. The emission spectrum of LiSrBO3:Tb3+ consists of four major bands at 486, 544, 595 and 620 nm under the excitation of near ultraviolet irradiation, which are originated from the 5D4→7F6, 5D4→7F5, 5D4→7F4 and 5D4→7F3 characteristic transitions of Tb3+, respectively. Monitored at 544 nm, the excitation spectrum of the phosphor extends from 220 nm to 390 nm, with the excitation peaks c...     

Influence of SMA content on the electro-optical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal prepared by monodisperse poly(MMA-co-SMA)/LC microcapsules

Monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles containing various concentrations of stearyl methacrylate (SMA) were prepared, and a liquid crystal (LC) was swollen into the particles using a solute co-diffusion method (SCM). Phase separation behaviors between the polymer and LC were monitored by utilizing an optical and a polarized microscope (OM/POM). The monodisperse LC microcapsules were then applied to a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), and the electro-optical properties were investigated. As a result, the threshold and driving voltages were improved when the SMA content increased. The long alkyl chains of SMA in the capsules should exist at the interface of the LC and polymer resulting in an enhancement of phase separation between the polymer and LC, which largely influences the electro-optical properties of PDLC.     

煤加氢液化残渣的流变特性研究

采用从煤直接液化实验装置取得的液化残渣,研究了它的流变性及温度和油、沥青质、固体含量对其流变性的影响。液化残渣是剪切变稀的非牛顿型假塑性流体,非牛顿指数随温度升高而不断减小,温度越高越接近牛顿流体行为。液化残渣对温度非常敏感,在升温过程中其表观黏度下降很快,且没有出现黏度峰。在液化残渣中加入少量的循环油后其表观黏度大幅下降;而在加入少量沥青质后则表现出低温下黏度变大,高温下黏度变小的现象;固体含量则始终是黏度增大的因素,表明其黏度与油、沥青质和固体含量关系密切。液化残渣的黏度－温度关系符合Arrhenius关系式,但在升温过程中出现了拐点,低温段的黏流活化能比高温段的要大。