多频超声反应槽连续强化酸化油酯交换制备生物柴油研究

以平均酸值高达33.07 mgKOH/g不可食用的廉价酸化油为原料,利用自行设计的多频超声溢流槽连续强化酯交换反应生物柴油生产装置,先后经预酯化、酯交换两步反应,高效、低耗的制备生物柴油。主要考察了室温下物料流量(停留时间)、超声功率、超声频率及组合、KOH用量、醇油物质的量比对酯交换反应的影响及单位产品能耗。结果表明,多频组合超声辐射比单频更有利于生物柴油的制备;预酯化后的油料在流量为25 L/h(物料停留时间为54 min),催化剂(KOH)用量为1.2%(质量分数),醇油物质的量比为6∶1和各反应槽功率为200 W的条件下,甲酯产率达96.83%。50 L废弃酸化油能制得符合国标GB19147—2009的生物柴油48L,整个生物柴油制备过程总耗时和总耗电量仅为8.667 h、5.42 kWh。     

Ultrasound as a Promising Tool for the Green Extraction of Specialized Metabolites from Some Culinary Spices

Spices are a popular food of plant origin, rich in various phytochemicals and recognized for their numerous properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, as well as the content of specialized metabolites, of aqueous extracts of three spice species––garlic (Allium sativum L.), ginger (Zingiber officinalle L.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)––prepared by green extraction methods. Ultrasound treatment increased the chromaticity parameter b value of turmeric and ginger extracts, thus indicating a higher yellow color predominantly due to curcuminoids characteristic of these species. Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly increased the content of total soluble solids, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and vitamin C. The temperature of the system was also an important factor, with the highest (70 °C) conditions in ultrasound-assisted extraction having a positive effect on thermolabile compounds (vitamin C, phenolics, total carotenoids). For example, turmeric extract treated with ultrasound at 70 °C had up to a 67% higher vitamin C content and a 69.4% higher total carotenoid content compared to samples treated conventionally at the same temperature, while ginger extracts had up to 40% higher total phenols. All different concentrations of spice extracts were not sufficient for complete inhibition of pathogenic bacterial strains of Salmonella, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus; however, only garlic extracts had an effect on slowing down the growth and number of L. monocytogenes colonies. Spice extracts obtained by ultrasonic treatment contained a significantly higher level of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that the extracts obtained have significant nutritional potential and thus a significant possibility for phytotherapeutic uses.     

基于ZigBee网络和超声定位的智能跟随小车

基于成熟的IEEE802.15.4协议和ZigBee无线模块,结合超声定位,设计了一种新颖的智能跟随系统。设计的核心为PIC18F4620单片机和MRF24J40MA无线收发模块,通过无线收发来完成节点间的识别与同步,同时以超声测距系统完成对被跟踪目标的定位,通过控制驱动电机动作实现对指定目标的定距离跟随。控制网络以子网的形式控制不同系统的分时定位跟随,同时管理各移动定位系统的入网和切换。样机测试结果表明系统达到了预期的跟随设计要求,具有一定的工程使用价值。     

Ultrasound assisted eco-friendly synthesis of 3-cinnamoyl coumarins using N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bis(2-aminobenzamide) dichloro cobalt immobilized on mesoporous Al-SBA-15 as a new and recyclable catalyst

ABSTRACT

A novel mesoporous Al-SBA-15 modified by N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bis(2-aminobenzamide) dichloro cobalt has been prepared and applied as a reusable catalyst in the 3-cinnamoyl coumarins synthesis via three-component reaction between benzaldehydes, salicylaldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate by the assist of ultrasonic irradiation. By using of the nanocatalyst and also ultrasound irradiation, the easiness and velocity of the abovementioned reaction were enhanced and an environment friendly condition was provided to synthesis of various 3-cinnamoyl coumarin compounds. The properties and structure of nanocatalyst have been specified by methods including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Superiority of this novel and viable method is due to mild reaction condition, short reaction times, high yields of 3-cinnamoyl coumarins, environmentally benign, recoverability of the CoCl₂N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bis(2-aminobenzamide)/Al-SBA-15 catalyst and reusability with important preservation in its catalytic activity.     

一种语音同步提示的倒车雷达的设计

主要阐述倒车雷达的原理,设计方法和电路组成。本设计可实现语音信息的同步播放,为驾驶员提供更加便捷的报警提示,采用的探测方式是超声波测距,处理器采用AT89C2051高速单片机。     

超声辐照合成超细NiO的研究

以氯化镍为镍源,碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用液相沉淀–热分解法制备NiO。合成过程中引入超声场,并考察了不同加料方式对产物粒度和纯度的影响。采用SEM,XRD,激光粒度分布测定技术和离子色谱技术分别对产物进行表征。结果表明,在前驱体制备过程中引入功率超声可以减小产物NiO的粒径,且使形状更加规整;在有超声作用下采用并加加料方式制得了晶粒度为5~10nm,平均粒径为1.10μm,w(Cl–)为0.056%的立方晶系的NiO。     

超声辅助处理回收锂离子电池正极材料

采用超声辅助分离的方法,选取适当的有机溶剂,调整超声作用时间及超声作用后溶液静置的时间,使锂离子电池正极涂层从铝箔上溶解下来。此方法可以直接回收铝箔,与铝箔分离的含钴酸锂的涂层可以作为钴化工产品的原料。当超声波作用时间不少于20 min,超声作用后溶液静置时间不少于60 min时,100 mL的强极性溶剂DMAc可以分离14.6 g正极材料。用过的有机溶剂可以通过蒸馏回收再利用,目前其回收率约为78%。     

弯扭复合模态超声电机振子的优化设计

针对目前超声电机振子主要采用纵振或弯振复合而较少采用扭曲振动的形式,该文设计了一种弯扭复合模态的超声电机振子,该振子的振动模态由一阶扭转振动模态和二阶弯曲振动模态耦合而成.采用有限元法对二阶弯曲振动模态和一阶扭转振动模态固有频率在不同振子尺寸参数下的规律进行分析,并将这些规律拟合为两个多维函数的基础上,以提高二阶弯曲振...     

斯特林用直线压缩机的研究

斯特林直线压缩机的性能决定了斯特林制冷机的性能和寿命,阐述了动圈式和动磁式斯特林用直线压缩机的发展及结构特点,并介绍了斯特林直线压缩机的设计计算模型,给出了电机效率与动子质量和角频率的关系,这是斯特林直线压缩机设计的重要控制指标。     

La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xCrxO3的激光超声研究

运用激光超声的方法测定了五种不同掺杂的巨磁锰氧化物La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xCrxO3(0.01≤x≤0.60)室温(300 K)下的超声纵波声速.结合热导率的数据,对声速随掺杂浓度的变化原因进行了深入的分析.得到在顺磁绝缘态Cr3 离子的掺入造成了晶格局部涨落的变化,低掺杂使得晶格局部涨落增强,声子U散射弛豫时间减小.