Ternary eutectic growth of Ag-Cu-Sb alloy within ultrasonic field

The liquid to solid transformation of ternary Ag42.4Cu21.6Sb36 eutectic alloy was accomplished in an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 35 kHz, and the growth mechanism of this ternary eutectic was examined. Theoretical calculations predict that the sound intensity in the liquid phase at the solidification interface increases gradually as the interface moves up from the sample bottom to its top. The growth mode of (ε θ Sb) ternary eutectic exhibits a transition of "divorced eutectic- mixture of anomalous and regular structures-regular eutectic" along the sample axis due to the inhomogeneity of sound field distribution. In the top zone with the highest sound intensity, the cavitation effect promotes the three eutectic phases to nucleate independently, while the acoustic streaming efficiently suppresses the coupled growth of eutectic phases. In the meantime, the ultrasonic field accelerates the solute transportation at the solid-liquid interface, which reduces the solute solubility of eutectic phases.     

超声波波型转换与表面波的检测

分析了超声波纵波、横波、表面波3种波型的产生条件和声速关系,检测了超声波在固体表面的波型转换,并测量了声表面波的速度,讨论了声表面波在超声延迟线方面的应用.     

基于超声红外技术对金属管内壁缺陷的检测

为提高管道的运送效率,及时检测排除管道内壁的缺陷非常重要。提出利用超声红外无损检测方法对管道内部进行检测。超声主动热激励试件,高频红外热像仪记录试件表面温度变化,结合了超声摩擦生热和红外热成像的优点。对壁厚约为3.3mm检测难度较大的金属管内壁缺陷进行了检测。通过对采集数据和热图的处理分析,准确快速地确定缺陷所在的位置。实物对比分析表明：超声热激励红外无损检测技术可以对金属管道内壁缺陷进行准确检测定位。     

微小层片型缺陷的超声非线性区域检测技术*

针对微小层片型缺陷的超声检测效率低、检测能力弱、易受主客观因素干扰的问题,提出弹簧扁钢中微小层片型缺陷的非线性超声区域检测技术。首先,优化探头夹持装置并提出区域检测方法,提取稳定可靠的检测信号;其次,提出相对非线性系数均值及波动系数表征缺陷分布;最后,基于斯皮尔曼次序相关系数分析扁钢各类缺陷与非线性超声系数均值的相关性。研究结果显示:两种非线性超声特征参数中的波动系数具有更高的缺陷敏感度,可表征扁钢中缺陷分布;波动系数与扁钢中微小层片型缺陷的相关系数比与体积型缺陷的相关性系数大得多,特别适用于微小层片型缺陷的检测。     

基于ARX系统辨识模型的钢绞线张拉力识别*

钢绞线是预应力结构和大跨索承体系桥梁的核心受力构件,其实际保有应力值将决定结构的承载能力和耐久性。以钢绞线超声导波传播过程为独立系统,外在激励和数据采集为系统的输入和输出,通过ARX系统辨识方法分析钢绞线张拉力引起的系统模型参数变化,并以模型参数为特征向量,构建张拉力识别指标。实验结果表明该识别指标具有良好的单调线性变化规律,确定系数达到0.964;传感器布置在钢绞线端面和侧面具有相似的规律性,相对而言,端面布置传感器识别指标的敏感性和线性规律更好;重复加卸载过程,识别指标线性拟合斜率比较稳定,受钢绞线应力加载路径影响较小。     

水下高斯界面背向散射超声散斑场的相位奇异

为了精确描述超声散斑场的特性,提出了采用计算机模拟产生超声散斑场的方法.利用模拟产生的高斯相关随机表面,获得了这类表面远场超声散斑场,同时得到了声强分布和相位分布.与实验产生的散斑场进行对比,建立了超声散斑场接收的实验系统,取与计算模拟相同的参数,获得了实验散斑场.通过对比发现:计算机模拟产生的超声散斑场相位存在奇异点,奇异点周围相位分布类似漩涡,计算机模拟产生的散斑场与实验得到的散斑场强度分布相似,强度值比实验产生的散斑场强度大,携带有用信息的高亮散斑较多,暗点较少,更利于研究和分析.     

Effect of trabecular bone material properties on ultrasonic backscattering signals

In this study, ultrasonic backscattering signals in cancellous bones were obtained by finite difference time domain （FDTD） simulations, and the effect of trabecular material properties on these signals was analyzed. The backscatter coefficient （BSC） and integrated backscatter coefficient （IBC） were numerically investigated for varying trabecular bone material properties, including density, Lame coefficients, viscosities, and resistance coefficients. The results show that the BSC is a complex function of trabecular bone density, and the IBC increases as density increases. The BSC and IBC increase with the first and second Lame coefficients. While not very sensitive to the second viscosity of the trabeculae, the BSC and IBC decrease as the first viscosity and resistance coefficients increase. The results demonstrate that, in addition to bone mineral density （BMD） and microarchitecture, trabecular material properties significantly influence ultrasonic backseattering signals in cancellous bones. This research furthers the understanding of ultrasonic backscattering in cancellous bones and the characterization of cancellous bone status.     

Sputtered ZnO film on aluminium foils for flexible ultrasonic transducers

Nanocrystalline ZnO films with both C-axis vertical grown and inclined angled grown were sputter-deposited onto aluminium foils (50 μm thick) and characterised for using as flexible ultrasonic transducers. As-deposited C-axis grown ZnO films were annealed at different temperatures up to 600 °C to enhance film crystallinity and reduce film stress. The C-axis grown ZnO film on the Al foil were bonded onto steel plates, and the pulse-echo tests verified a good performance (with dominant longitudinal waves) of the ultrasonic transducers made from both as-deposited and post-annealed films. Inclined angled ZnO films on the Al foil glued onto steel plates generated mixed shear and longitudinal waves in the pulse-echo test.     

Application of laser ultrasonic technique for non-contact detection of drilling-induced delamination in aeronautical composite components

The detection of drilling-induced delamination in composite components is a vital and challenging task in aviation industry. Numerous key components of aircrafts are made of composite materials, and drilling is often a final operation during assembly. Drilling-induced delamination is a very serious defect that significantly reduces the structural reliability, but it is rather difficult to be detected effectively due to its special location. A novel application of laser ultrasonic technique for the detection of drilling-induced delamination in composites is presented in this paper. A carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminate with drilling holes was made as specimen. A laser ultrasonic system was constructed and experiments were performed to detect the drilling-induced delamination, based on propagation characteristic of ultrasonic waves generated by pulse laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and pulse duration of 10 ns. A laser interferometer based on two wave mixing is used to measure ultrasonic wave signals, and the morphology features of the delamination are imaged clearly by laser ultrasonic C-scan testing. The results proved that the laser ultrasonic technique is a feasible and effective method for the detection of drilling-induced delamination in composite components.     

基于PZT传感器的管道扭转模态激励效果研究

导波激励模态单一性与衰减特性是导波激励效果的重要指标。采用PZT传感器,在建立基于PZT-5材料传感器并置于管道一端均匀对称分布的导波激励系统的基础上,以模态单一性与降低衰减特性为目标,研究了在低频段内模态特性以及传感器对T(0,1)模态的影响,得出了激励T(0,1)模态的最优激励方案。