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961.
Synthesis and proton conductivity studies of polystyrene‐based triazole functional polymer membranes
Şehmus Özden Sevim Ünügür Çelik Ayhan Bozkurt 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(22):4974-4980
In this study, poly(vinylbenzylchloride) (PVBC) was produced by free‐radical polymerization of 4‐vinylbenzylchloride, and then it was functionalized with 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (ATri) and 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (Tri). The composition of the polymers was verified by elemental analysis, and the structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. PVBC was modified by ATri with 68% and Tri with 50% yield. The polymers were doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TA) at various molar ratios, X = 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 with respect to aminotriazole and triazole units. Proton transfer from TA to the triazole rings was proved with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the samples are thermally stable up to approximately 200 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry results illustrated the homogeneity of the materials. Under anhydrous conditions, PVBCATri3TA and PVBCTri3TA showed highest proton conductivity of 0.086 and 0.042 S/cm, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010 相似文献
962.
Noureddine Issaoui Najeh Rekik Brahim Oujia Marek J. Wójcik 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2010,110(14):2583-2602
In this article, we extend a previous work toward presenting a theoretical study of the effects of Fermi resonances and the fundamental anharmonic coupling parameter α between the high‐frequency mode and the H‐bond bridge. The model incorporates (i) both intrinsic anharmonicities of the fast mode (double well potential) and the H‐bond Bridge (Morse potential), (ii) strong anharmonic coupling theory, (iii) Fermi resonances by the aid of an anharmonic coupling between the fast mode and one or several harmonic bending modes, (iv) quadratic modulation of both the angular frequency and the equilibrium position of the X? …Y stretching mode on the intermonomer ? H… motions, and (v) the quantum direct (fast and bending modes) and indirect dampings (slow mode). The IR spectral density is obtained by Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the transition dipole moment operator of the X? H bond. The numerical calculation shows that Fermi resonances generate very complicated profiles with multisubstructure and also provide a direct evidence of Fermi resonances which were predicted to be a major feature of H‐bonds. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010 相似文献
963.
Chengzhi Chuai Mahmood Iqbal Shixiong Tian 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2010,48(3):267-275
Graft copolymerization of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) with a maleic anhydride (MAH) was performed using intermeshing corotating twin‐screw extruder in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The LDPE/polyamide 6 (PA6) and LDPE‐g‐MAH/PA6 blends were prepared in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The melt viscosity of the grafted LDPE was measured by a capillary rheometer. The grafted copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). The influence of the variation in temperature, BPO and MAH concentration, and temperature on the grafting degree and on the melt viscosity was studied. The grafting degree increased appreciably up to about 0.45 phr and then decreased continuously with an increasing BPO concentration. According to the FTIR analysis, it was found that the amount of grafted MAH on the LDPE chains was ~5.1%. Thermal analysis showed that melting temperature of the graft copolymers decreases with increasing grafting degree. In addition to this, loss modulus (E″) of the copolymers first increased little with increasing grafting and then obviously decreased with increasing grafting degree. Furthermore, the results revealed that the tensile strength of the blends increased linearly with increasing PA6 content. The results of SEM and mechanical test showed that the blends have good interfacial adhesion and good stability of the phase structure, which is reflected in the mechanical properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 267–275, 2010 相似文献
964.
Two different kinds of organoclays were prepared by mixing a pristine montmorillonite and a double‐chain ammonium salt in many different thermoplastic or elastomeric polymers. Independently of the chemical nature of the considered polymers, the obtained organoclays presented a basal spacing of 4 or 6 nm, when the mixing occurred in the absence or in the presence of a small amount of stearic acid (SA), respectively. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared measurements support the hypothesis that these two kinds of organoclays correspond to paraffin‐type tilted and perpendicular bi‐layer intercalates, respectively. The co‐intercalation of SA molecules with the double‐chain amphiphile is suggested, to explain the observed expansion of the clay interlayer distance. The obtained results suggest an easy way to control the organoclay structure in polymer composites. Moreover, the authors on the basis of these results propose a criticism to the extensive literature that systematically explains most d basal spacing increase observed for clays in polymer with the penetration of apolar polymer chains in the clay interlayer space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
965.
P. S. Anjana V. Deepu S. Uma P. Mohanan J. Philip M. T. Sebastian 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2010,48(9):998-1008
Cerium oxide‐filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites for microwave substrate applications were prepared by sigma‐blend technique. The HDPE was used as the matrix and the dispersion of CeO2 in the composite was varied up to 0.5 by volume fraction, and the dielectric properties were studied at 1 MHz and microwave frequencies. The variations of thermal conductivity (keff), coefficient of thermal expansion (αc) and Vicker's microhardness with the volume fraction of the filler were also measured. The relative permittivity (εeff) and dielectric loss (tan δ) were found to increase with increase in CeO2 content. For 0.4 volume fraction loading of the ceramic, the composite had εeff = 5.7, tan δ = 0.0068 (at 7 GHz), keff = 2.6 W/m °C, αc = 98.5 ppm/°C, Vicker's microhardness of 18 kg/mm2 and tensile strength of 14.6 MPa. Different theoretical approaches have been used to predict the effective permittivity, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion of composite systems and the results were compared with the experimental data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 998–1008, 2010 相似文献
966.
Lidia Jasinska Cor E. Koning 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(24):5907-5915
A new experimental approach for preparing biobased, water‐soluble polyesters (PEs) via titanium(IV) n‐butoxide‐catalyzed bulk polycondensation is presented. In the described method polymers were obtained from isosorbide, maleic anhydride and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The chemical structure of the synthesized PEs was confirmed using 2D NMR spectroscopy and by titration methods. Careful analysis of 2D NMR spectra viz. correlation spectra (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectra (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation spectra (HMBC) allowed to accomplish the complete proton assignment of isosorbide, PEG, and unsaturated acid residues in the PEs. Moreover, by using NMR spectroscopy the transformation of maleic anhydride into fumaric acid ester and the absence of maleic acid ester units in the final polymer were proven. However, during polycondensation part of the unsaturated bonds has reacted in a Michael addition with isosorbide or PEG. Gel permeation chromatography measurements revealed that the unsaturated PEs have Mn values in the range 3000–5000 g/mol. These PEs, with a low content of carboxylic acid end groups, exhibited sufficient thermal resistance for practical applications, for example, as free radical curable coatings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010 相似文献
967.
Vakhid A. Mamedov Dina F. Saifina Venera R. Ganieva Dimitry V. Rakov Oleg G. Sinyashin 《Tetrahedron letters》2010,51(50):6503-6506
A highly efficient, one-step, versatile method for the synthesis of 2-benzimidazol-2-ylquinolines has been developed on the basis of an acid-catalyzed rearrangement proceeding via a novel ring contraction of 3-(β-2-aminostyryl)quinoxalin-2(1H)ones. 相似文献
968.
Wojtowicz P Zrostlíková J Kovalczuk T Schůrek J Adam T 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(51):8054-8061
Organic acidurias are a large group of inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), commonly diagnosed by GC-MS analysis of organic acids in urine after acidic extraction and trimethylsilylation. In this study, a GC×GC-ToF-MS method has been optimized for the analysis of pathological metabolites in urine. An automated data processing strategy based on the use of mass spectra and GC retention times for the target search and quantification of pathological metabolites has been developed. Using this procedure, each unknown sample is automatically examined for the presence of markers of several diseases at the same time. The method has been applied for the analysis of 6 challenging proficiency testing samples from patients with IMDs (thymidine phosphorylase deficiency, mevalonic aciduria, hawkinsinuria, aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, propionic acidemia and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency). Using the GC×GC-ToF-MS method, we were able to determine complete sets of markers for all the IMDs. The quality of the mass spectral matches for the pathological markers was higher than 800 (out of 1000). 相似文献
969.
Driving forces of in-plane chain orientation of polyimides (PIs) and their precursors were discussed and the mechanisms were proposed. A polyimide precursor, poly(amic acid) (PAA) derived from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s-BPDA) with p-phenylenediamine (PDA) showed a certain degree of in-plane orientation in its solution-casting process and clear molecular weight dependence. The results allowed us to propose the casting-induced in-plane orientation mechanism of the rigid PAA chains. The imidization-induced in-plane orientation mechanism was also discussed by investigating how residual solvent content influences the degree of in-plane orientation of resultant PI films. The results suggested that the magnitudes of the PI chain in-plane orientation are dominated by a combined effect of the initial PAA orientation, apparent stretching based on a great thickness decrease, and the molecular mobility during thermal imidization. In a system derived from s-BPDA with 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB), the effect of molecular mobility during thermal imidization was predominant when cured under usual thermal conditions owing to the presence of the trifluoromethyl groups contributing to weakened intermolecular interaction. In s-BPDA/TFMB and s-BPDA/m-TOL systems (m-TOL = m-tolidine), a melt-induced in-plane orientation phenomenon was observed at temperatures corresponding to their Tg’s when the extents of in-plane chain orientation (f values) were monitored as a function of temperature in the stepwise heating process. This behavior is very curious because there are no appreciable dimensional, morphological, and structural changes as some driving forces just above the Tg of s-BPDA/TFMB. 相似文献
970.
The compound NaAlF4 has been obtained in the form of thin fibrous crystals or fine colorless powder by condensation at 18 °C of vapors arising over chiolite Na5Al3F14 or NaCaAlF6, heated up to 800 °C. Thermal stability has been investigated by the methods of thermal analysis and high temperature X-ray diffraction. When heated in air, NaAlF4 is stable up to 390-400 °C, then there is an exothermal solid state decay into Na5Al3F14(s) and AlF3(s). At higher temperature Na5Al3F14(s) decays into Na3AlF6(s) and NaAlF4(g). The crystal structure (space group Cmcm, a=3.6124(1) Å, b=14.9469(7) Å, c=5.2617(3) Å, V=284.10 Å3) has been determined by X-ray powder diffraction method. In the crystal structure of NaAlF4 the octahedrons [AlF6] are joined through vertices and form corrugated layers, sodium ion layers being located between them. The distances between the atoms of Al-F are in the range 1.791-1.814 Å, and those for Na…F are in the range 2.297-2.439 Å. In spite of limited thermal stability of the crystal form, the compound NaAlF4 is the main component of the gas mixture over solid and molten salts in the ternary system NaF-AlF3-CaF2 and participates in chemical transformations between the phases at high temperature. 相似文献