全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5294篇 |
免费 | 312篇 |
国内免费 | 450篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3727篇 |
晶体学 | 82篇 |
力学 | 9篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
数学 | 6篇 |
物理学 | 1173篇 |
无线电 | 1054篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 42篇 |
2021年 | 51篇 |
2020年 | 78篇 |
2019年 | 61篇 |
2018年 | 55篇 |
2017年 | 50篇 |
2016年 | 120篇 |
2015年 | 143篇 |
2014年 | 168篇 |
2013年 | 351篇 |
2012年 | 253篇 |
2011年 | 212篇 |
2010年 | 215篇 |
2009年 | 297篇 |
2008年 | 288篇 |
2007年 | 376篇 |
2006年 | 300篇 |
2005年 | 327篇 |
2004年 | 313篇 |
2003年 | 326篇 |
2002年 | 246篇 |
2001年 | 153篇 |
2000年 | 200篇 |
1999年 | 186篇 |
1998年 | 161篇 |
1997年 | 144篇 |
1996年 | 145篇 |
1995年 | 173篇 |
1994年 | 143篇 |
1993年 | 79篇 |
1992年 | 101篇 |
1991年 | 41篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 31篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有6056条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
用射频等离子体方法在玻璃基底上制备的类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,采用离子注入法掺氮,并对掺氮DLC薄膜紫外(UV)辐照前后的性能变化进行了研究。研究结果表明:随氮离子注入剂量及UV辐照时间的增加,位于2 930cm-1附近的SP
3C-H吸收峰明显变小,而位于1 580cm-1附近的SP2C-H吸收峰则明显增强,薄膜的电阻率明显呈下降趋势;随UV辐照时间的增加,位于1 078cm-1附近的Si-O-Si键数量及位于786cm-1附近的Si-C键数量明显增加。即氮离子注入和UV辐照明显改变了DLC薄膜的结构与特性。 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
The phase behavior of binary blends of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), sulfonated PEEK, and sulfamidated PEEK with aromatic polyimides is reported. PEEK was determined to be immiscible with a poly(amide imide) (TORLON 4000T). Blends of sulfonated and sulfamidated PEEK with this poly(amide imide), however, are reported here to be miscible in all proportions. Blends of sulfonated PEEK and a poly(ether imide) (ULTEM 1000) are also reported to be miscible. Spectroscopic investigations of the intermolecular interactions suggest that formation of electron donoracceptor complexes between the sulfonated/sulfamidated phenylene rings of the PEEKs and the n-phenylene units of the polyimides are responsible for this miscibility. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
15.
16.
Masaharu Asano Jinhua Chen Yasunari Maekawa Takahiro Sakamura Hitoshi Kubota Masaru Yoshida 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(13):2624-2637
A novel process comprising the UV‐induced photografting of styrene into poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films and subsequent sulfonation has been developed for preparing proton‐conducting membranes. Although under UV irradiation the initial radicals were mainly generated on the surface of the PTFE films by the action of photosensitizers such as xanthone and benzoyl peroxide, the graft chains were readily propagated into the PTFE films. The sulfonation of the grafted films was performed in a chlorosulfonic acid solution. Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the grafted and sulfonated membranes. With a view to use in fuel cells, the proton conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties of the prepared membranes were measured. Even through the degree of grafting was lower than 10%, the proton conductivity in the thickness direction of the newly prepared membranes could reach a value similar to that of a Nafion membrane. In comparison with γ‐ray radiation grafting, UV‐induced photografting is very simple and safe and is less damaging to the membranes because significant degradation of the PTFE main chains can be avoided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2624–2637, 2007 相似文献
17.
红外光谱对碱土金属二元羧酸盐结构的研究 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
研究了三十种二元羧酸金属盐的红外光谱,讨论了金属离子和二元酸的种类对二元酸盐配位结构的影响。发现Mg盐、Ba盐,Sr盐为螯合配位,Ca盐,Zn盐中同时存在螯合配位和桥式配位,二元酸的种类对羧酸盐配位结构没有影响。对羧酸盐在常温和熔融后的栩位方式和结构上的差异的研究结果表明,Mg盐,Ca盐与Sr盐,Ba盐在熔融后的结构变化不同。 相似文献
18.
H. Okumura T. Takahagi N. Nagai S. Shingubara 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2003,41(17):2071-2078
The structural change in the depth direction of a polyimide (UPILEX‐S) film treated in alkaline solution, which was a representative surface treatment used to form a seed layer for plating and to improve the adhesive strength, was analyzed by means of micro Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR‐ATR) line analysis with gradient shaving preparation. The polyimide film was treated with KOH. The imide ring opened through the alkaline treatment, and the amide structure and carboxylic acid salt were formed. The attainment depth of this structural change was almost proportional to the treatment time, and it reached about 8 μm after a 30‐min treatment. The degree of structural change through the alkaline treatment was almost constant after it reached a considerably degraded stage, and the chemically changed region penetrated into the inner part of the film from the surface. An intermediate layer before the final degraded stage appeared in the treated layer, and its thickness increased with the treatment time. The region that was changed chemically by the alkaline treatment progressed to the inner part simultaneously and continuously as the treatment time increased. The combined use of gradient shaving preparation and micro FTIR‐ATR line analysis was found to be extremely effective for the depth profiling of organic materials. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2071–2078, 2003 相似文献
19.
In this paper, we have developed an analytical model to study the temperature distributions in IR optical materials heated by laser pulses. Our model takes into account the two-photon absorption (TPA). The calculations are based on a three-dimensional model of heat diffusion in solids using the integral transform method. We find out the rigorous analytical expression of the thermal field when one considers both one- and two-photon absorption. The model is valid for any laser–solid system whose interaction can be described by the generalized Beer–Lambert law. Specific results are presented for an application of the model to ZnSe sample. We find out that TPA can produce detectable temperature variation. 相似文献
20.
Intermolecular Interactions in 8-Aza-D-Homogonane Crystals and their Manifestation in the IR Spectra
A. A. Akhrem A. A. Govorova O. V. Gulyakevich A. S. Lyakhov A. L. Mikhal'chuk I. V. Skornyakov G. B. Tolstorozhev 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》2004,71(2):156-163
Crystalline modifications of 8-aza-D-homogon-1,3,5(10),13-tetraen-12,17a-dione have been investigated by IR spectroscopy and x-ray structural analysis. It is shown that this compound crystallizes from solutions of chloroform with hexane in the form of a solvate comprised of chelate hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen atom of the chloroform molecule and the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups of the 8-azasteroid molecule. A relation between the changes in the characteristic absorption bands of the CH2-, C=O-, and I=C groups and the structure of the crystalline modifications has been established. 相似文献