主成分分析在近红外定量分析校正集样本优选中的应用

将主成分分析方法用于近红外定量分析校正集样本的优选,提出一种根据样本光谱第一主成分得分优选校正集样本的方法,并使用本方法从418个烟草样本中优选得到约105个样本的校正集。通过对烟碱成分实际建模与外部验证,与随机法、含量梯度法两种校正集样本挑选方法的性能进行了对比。结果表明,本方法既克服了随机法挑选样本代表性不足的风险,又可避免含量梯度法必须测定所有样本成分含量而造成的人力物力消耗,具有无需编程、操作简单、易于推广的特点。     

用HPLC-模式识别技术表征云南烤烟烟叶的颜色相似性

对烟草等天然产物的质量评价可通过发展能对色谱图轮廓实施数学处理的化学计量学得到解决,如模式识别技术。颜色和香气是反映烟叶质量的两个重要特征,分别与烟叶中多酚类物质和精油成分有关^[6-11]。文献^[4,5]副基于烟草中多酚类物质高效液相色谱图轮廓的模式识别．评价了几种保加利亚烤烟和香料烟烟叶的颜色性能。     

微波谐振腔微扰技术检测造纸法再造烟叶水分

研究了基于微波谐振腔微扰技术检测造纸法再造烟叶水分的方法.用最小二乘法探讨了不同微波测量参数与造纸法再造烟叶水分含量的校准模型,并将检测结果与标准烘箱法进行了比较.研究表明:该方法的测量误差小于0.4%,检测的响应速度仅为 0.1 ms.     

Direct and mediated electron transfer catalyzed by anionic tobacco peroxidase

The properties of anionic tobacco peroxidase (TOP) adsorbed on graphite electrode have been studied in direct and mediated electron transfer in a wall-jet flow injection system. The percentage of tobacco peroxidase molecules active in directelectron transfer is about 83%, which is higher than that for horeradish peroxidase (40–50%). This observation is explained in terms of the lower degree of glycosylation of TOP compared with horseradish peroxidase and, therefore, a reduced in terference from the oligosaccharide chains with direct electron transfer. Calcium ions cause an 11% drop in the reaction rate constant toward hydrogen peroxide. The detection limit of calcium chloride has been estimated as 5 m M. The results obtained by means of bioeletrochemistry, stopped-flow kinetics, and structural modeling provide evidence for the interaction between calcium cations and negatively charged residues at the distal domain (Glu-141, heme propionates, Asp-79, Asp-80) blocking the activesite. The observation that both soluble and immobilized enzyme under go conformational changes resulting in the blockade of the active site indicates that the immobilized enzyme preserves conformational flexibility. An even stronger suppressing effect of calcium ions on the rate constant for mediated electron transfer was observed. In the case of direct electron transfer, this couldmean that there is nodirect contact between the electrode and the active site of TOP. The electrons are shuttled from the active site to the surface of the electrode through electron transfer pathways in the protein globule that are sensitive to protein conformational changes.     

构建基于APS的智能化烟草MES系统

目前,国内烟草行业正在经历着一场合并重组的革命,这给烟草企业生产制造管理带来的挑战是需要更加敏捷的应对销售和生产的供求平衡,需要更加及时和准确的预测产能和物料需求,需要更加统一和有效的实时生产指挥调度能力,需要更加敏捷生产预警和在线分析能力等方面.在这情况下,以记录生产过程信息、对旧有手工管理流程信息化为主的MES系统,显然已经无法适应这场变革了.对此,本文以某烟草企业MES系统的实际经验为基础,提出了构建智能化烟草MES的理念,即通过引入具有强大优化与计算功能的APS引擎,加强MES系统对整个生产的计划控制能力、优化能力与前瞻性,为生产管理人员提供智能化决策支持,提升企业管理水平.结合烟草生产的实际情况,给出了智能化烟草MES系统的功能框架、集成思路以及调度流程.     

谈谈烟草板块数据资源的管与用

伴随5G的应用,物联互通必将在各行业各板块得以实现.每次科技变革的时间周期相对于上一次而言都更短,此次5G的从应用到成熟必然也是如此.在未来各行业数字化程度将更高,数据资源的采集会更快、更广、更深、更准,由此而产生的大数据(Big Data)资源,必将是企业求存与发展过程中不可或缺的资源.数据资源的管与用,将决定企业发展好与坏.大数据如何在烟草行业中得以有效利用,为消费者提供更适合的产品和更优质的服务?这需要通过做好产、运、销各环节大数据的采集、挖掘分析,确保数据的安全和完整性,做到合理配置和有效利用.     

Two Novel Quassinoid Glycosides with Antiviral Activity from the Samara of Ailanthus altissima

Phytochemistry investigations on Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a Simaroubaceae plant that is recognized as a traditional herbal medicine, have afforded various natural products, among which C₂₀ quassinoid is the most attractive for their significant and diverse pharmacological and biological activities. Our continuous study has led to the isolation of two novel quassinoid glycosides, named chuglycosides J and K, together with fourteen known lignans from the samara of A. altissima. The new structures were elucidated based on comprehensive spectra data analysis. All of the compounds were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity, among which chuglycosides J and K exhibited inhibitory effects against the virus multiplication with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 56.21 ± 1.86 and 137.74 ± 3.57 μM, respectively.     

病害烟叶的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究了正常烟叶和四种病害烟叶,结果显示,它们的红外光谱主要由蛋白质、脂类化合物及多糖的振动吸收谱带组成。烟叶光谱整体相似,仅在1800～750 cm-1范围,正常烟叶和病害烟叶的光谱峰位、峰形及吸收强度比有一定差异。为了提高光谱灵敏度,对光谱进行二阶导数相关性分析,五个样品的二阶导数光谱在1750～1500 cm-1和1200～950 cm-1范围内的相关系数差异明显,表明五种烟叶样品所含化学成分或各成分相对含量各不相同,即病害影响烟叶的化学成分。正常烟叶的吸收强度比A1025/     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法在烟用香精料液中水溶性糖及山梨醇分析中的应用

建立了高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射(HPLC-ELSD)同时检测烟用香精料液中6种水溶性糖及山梨醇的分析方法。方法选用Isolute ENV+固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化样品提取液,以Prevail Carbohydrate ES高效糖柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)作为分析柱,以乙腈和水(75:25, v/v)作为流动相,在1.0 mL/min流速下实现目标物的良好分离;蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度为79 ℃,载气流速为2.0 L/min。方法针对各目标物建立双对数工作曲线,线性范围约为0.06～1.2 g/L,检出限为12～26 mg/L,样品加标回收率为88%～109%。针对蒸发光散射检测器的双对数工作曲线,通过实验进行分析对比,并结合前人的工作,指出目标物的物理化学性质及其在色谱柱上的保留状态和流动相的洗脱能力等都是影响检测信号的因素。     

寡聚酸合锌(Ⅱ)的合成及对烟草病毒病的防治

在水-乙醇介质中,用寡聚酸钾与硫酸锌反应合成的寡聚酸合锌(Ⅱ)配合物,采用正交实验考察了V水∶V乙醇,反应温度,反应时间对螯合反应的影响,最优反应条件为:V水∶乙醇=1∶1;温度60℃;时间5h.通过红外光谱、紫外光谱和差热-热重分析测试手段对配合物进行了表征.红外光谱和紫外光谱均显示,Zn2+与寡聚酸配位.寡聚酸合锌(Ⅱ)配合物中金属配位方式为单齿和双齿配位.热分析表明,配合物稳定性较强.应用寡聚酸合锌(Ⅱ)防治烟草病毒病,试验结果表明寡聚酸合锌(Ⅱ)具有较强的防治烟草病毒病的作用.寡聚酸合锌(Ⅱ)作为新型的抗病毒制剂具有广阔的开发前景.