烟草及烟用香精香料中氨基酸检测方法研究进展

烟草及烟用香精香料中氨基酸的含量对烟草品质有着直接而重要的影响,因此有必要进行准确定性定量分析.氨基酸检测方法可分为直接检测法和间接检测法两大类,间接检测法又可分为柱前衍生法和柱后衍生法.分析了每种方法的优缺点以及常用的衍生化试剂,以期为进行氨基酸分析的研究者提供参考.     

Use of autoclave extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for determination of maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco

Maleic hydrazide has been extensively used as an effective growth regulator in tobacco sucker control. After application, maleic hydrazide distributes itself throughout the tobacco plant where it can exist as free, or forms glucoside conjugates with glucose, or becomes bound with lignin. Among them, free maleic hydrazide and its glucoside conjugates are extractable under conventional solvent extraction, while lignin bound maleic hydrazide is claimed to be non‐extractable. Herein, an autoclave extraction method has been developed to extract maleic hydrazide effectively, in which tobacco samples are extracted in an autoclave at 130°C for 1 h using 4 M hydrochloric acid. Under such pressurized hot acidic water conditions, lignin bound maleic hydrazide can be released. Meanwhile, glucoside conjugates are hydrolyzed. Total maleic hydrazide is detected by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantitative results coincide well with that obtained from the international standard method. The proposed autoclave extraction with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method exhibits excellent linearity in the range of 5–200 mg/kg (R² = 0.9998), the matrix matched limit of detection and limit of quantification is 0.68 and 2.27 mg/kg, respectively. This method is simple and improves sample capacity, providing an effective approach to monitoring maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco.     

基于Fluent的加料滚筒内物料运动模拟分析

加料滚筒是一个复杂的动态过程,为揭示加料复杂系统的内在关系和规律,建立烟丝、气体流固耦合模型,文中借助计算机专业 CFD软件运用Fluent模拟滚筒加料机内颗粒物料运动特性,揭露滚筒加料机内部颗粒物料运动轨迹的研究。结果表明,建立的流固耦合模型对制丝加料过程的仿真模拟有效、可信度高,揭示了滚筒内部烟叶运动状态。同转速下烟叶颗粒粒径越小,松散越均匀;滚筒转速对烟叶颗粒运动轨迹的影响不大。     

应用近红外光谱或化学指标判别不同产地晒红烟的相似性

近红外光谱采集物质信息较全面,是多种物质的复合信息,但具体特征不明显;化学指标虽能够体现物质的具体特征,但所包含的物质信息却不够全面。以2012年和2013年贵州、湖南、吉林、江西、山东、四川六个产地共115个晒红烟样品为研究对象,其近红外光谱采用一阶导数和平滑处理,测定的26个化学指标及其26个计算值(譬如糖碱比等)采用归一化处理,应用PPF投影技术对不同产地晒红烟进行相似性分析。结合近红外光谱和化学指标的分析结果表明：应用近红外光谱和化学指标分析六个产地晒红烟分布规律较为一致,表明通过近红外光谱信息和大量检测数据均可分析产地特征的相似性;对52个化学指标的方差贡献率分析得出,决定产地特征的重要指标是亚硝胺;应用近红外光谱对小产地之间进行聚类分析,得出部分小产地之间具有可替代性,结合主要内在的化学指标工业需求取向,可合理替代不同烟叶原料,降低产品加工质量的波动性。     

A Decision Tree Approach for Predicting Smokers’Quit Intentions

This paper presents a decision tree approach for predicting smokers’ quit intentions using the data from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey. Three rule-based classification models are generated from three data sets using attributes in relation to demographics, warning labels, and smokers’ beliefs. Both demographic attributes and warning label attributes are important in predicting smokers’ quit intentions. The model’s ability to predict smokers’ quit intentions is enhanced, if the attribu...     

液相色谱-毛细管气相色谱/质谱离线联用分析烟草中的挥发性及半挥发性成分

建立了一种用于烟草样品中挥发性、半挥发性成分分析的液相色谱-毛细管气相色谱/质谱(LC-CGC/MS)离线联用方法。研究了LC-CGC/MS的分离机理。LC分析选用氨基分析柱(250 mm×2.0 mm, 5 μm)作为分析柱,正己烷-二氯甲烷-乙腈(90:6.6:3.4, v/v/v)作为流动相,对挥发性、半挥发性成分进行分离,收集得到5个馏分,并存放在5个氮吹瓶中。多次进样并收集相同时间段的馏分,氮吹浓缩至1 mL,然后分别进行CGC/MS分析,所用的CGC柱为DB-5MS(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)。结果显示,与直接采用CGC/MS分析相比,采用LC-CGC/MS分析复杂样本的效果更好,定性的可靠性更高。     

表面活性剂在烟草钾离子光度测定中的应用

研究了六种不同的表面活性剂对钾离子光度法测定的影响,结果表明SDBC的分散作用最好、用量最少、灵敏度最高、钾量在0—300μg／25mL范围内符合比耳定律。SDBC作为分散介质,用于烟草中钾含量的测定,结果满意。     

Quantitative method for analysis of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke by using heart‐cutting two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

A heart‐cutting two dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines (TSNAs) at low concentration level in Virginia‐type cigarette smoke. A strong cation exchange column was utilized for the first dimensional separation, which effectively removed acidic and neutral components in the smoke, followed by a reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric analysis. To capture components of the TSNAs in the effluent on the trapping column, a compensating pump was applied for online dilution and pH adjustment during the period of the TSNAs fraction transferring and enrichment. Highly sensitive determination of the TSNAs in mainstream cigarette smoke was achieved by isotope deuterated internal standards under the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Compared with traditional methodologies, the method was almost no matrix interference. Limits of quantity for the TSNAs were within 0.027–0.094 ng/mL, and the results showed good reproducibility and accuracy. Finally, the new method was applied for analysis of the Kentucky reference cigarettes and the results agreed well with joint experiments of Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco.     

Dissipation and residue fate of kresoxim-methyl in tobacco leaves and soil under field conditions

The fate of kresoxim-methyl was studied in a tobacco field ecosystem, and a simple and reliable method was developed for the determination of kresoxim-methyl in soil, green and cured tobacco leaves. Kresoxim-methyl residues were extracted from samples with petroleum ether, and determined by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with an electron capture detector (ECD). Kresoxim-methyl (30% suspension concentration) was applied at 150 g a.i. ha^–1 (the recommended high dosage) and 225 g a.i. ha^–1 (1.5 times the recommended high dosage) in the experimental fields in Huishui and Changsha in China. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of kresoxim-methyl in green tobacco leaves, cured tobacco leaves and soil were 0.012 and 0.04 mg kg^–1, 0.12 and 0.4 mg kg^–1, and 0.0015 and 0.005 mg kg^–1, respectively. The average recoveries were 84.5% to 95.7%, 79.8% to 94.3% and 83.3% to 93.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10% in green tobacco leaves at four spiked levels (0.04, 0.2, 2 and 8 mg kg^–1), cured tobacco leaves at three spiked levels (0.4, 1 and 10 mg kg^–1) and soil at three spiked levels (0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mg kg^–1), respectively. The results showed that the half-lives of kresoxim-methyl in green tobacco leaves and soil were 1.2–5.3 days and 6.7–10.4 days, respectively. At harvest, kresoxim-methyl residues in cured tobacco leaves samples collected 21 days after the last application at the recommended dosage were below 1.0 mg kg^–1. These results could help establish appropriate application frequency and harvest intervals in the use of kresoxim-methyl on tobacco plants.     

Design,Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel N‐(4‐([2,2′:5′,2′′‐Terthiophen]‐5‐yl)‐2‐methylbut‐3‐yn‐2‐yl) Benzamide Derivatives

On the basis of the principle of combination of active groups, a series of novel N‐(4‐([2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophen]‐5‐yl)‐2‐methylbut‐3‐yn‐2‐yl) benzamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and systematically evaluated for their antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The bioassay results showed that most of these compounds displayed good anti‐TMV activity, and some of them exhibited higher antiviral activity than commercial Ningnanmycin. Especially, compound 8e with excellent anti‐TMV activity (inactivation activity, 92.3%/500 µg·mL^?1; curative activity, 85.7%/500 µg·mL^?1 and protection activity, 64.7%/500 µg·mL^?1) emerged as a potential inhibitor of plant virus TMV. Quantitative structure‐activity relationship studies proved that the van der Waals volume (V) and electronic parameter (∑(∑σ_o+σ_p) and ∑σ_m) for the substituent R¹ were very important for antiviral activities in this class of compounds.