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Phase modulation in dipolar-coupled A2 spin systems: effect of maximum state mixing in H NMR in vivo
Leif Schrder Christian Schmitz Peter Bachert 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2004,171(2):69
Coupling constants of nuclear spin systems can be determined from phase modulation of multiplet resonances. Strongly coupled systems such as citrate in prostatic tissue exhibit a more complex modulation than AX connectivities, because of substantial mixing of quantum states. An extreme limit is the coupling of n isochronous spins (An system). It is observable only for directly connected spins like the methylene protons of creatine and phosphocreatine which experience residual dipolar coupling in intact muscle tissue in vivo. We will demonstrate that phase modulation of this “pseudo-strong” system is quite simple compared to those of AB systems. Theory predicts that the spin-echo experiment yields conditions as in the case of weak interactions, in particular, the phase modulation depends linearly on the line splitting and the echo time. 相似文献
23.
基于SDL的通信软件维护模型SMM 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
软件维护是软件生存周期的一个重要且花费很大的阶段,维护工作的自动化是软件行业十分迫切的需要。本文提出了一个基于ITU-TSDL语言的通信软件维护模型SMM。在此模型中,软件维护被分成三个部分:建立面向维护的数据库,制定维护规范和基于功能转换的自动维护。该模型将有助于软件维护支撑环境的建立 相似文献
24.
J.-L. Hainaut V. Englebert J. Henrard J.-M. Hick D. Roland 《Applied Categorical Structures》1996,3(1-2):9-45
This paper analyzes the requirements that CASE tools should meet for effective database reverse engineering (DBRE), and proposes
a general architecture for data-centered applications reverse engineering CASE environments. First, the paper describes a
generic DBMS-independent DBRE methodology, then it analyzes the main characteristics of DBRE activities in order to collect
a set of desirable requirements. Finally, it describes DB-MAIN, an operational CASE tool developed according to these requirements.
The main features of this tool that are described in this paper are its unique generic specification model, its repository,
its transformation toolkit, its user interface, the text processors, the assistants, the methodological control and its functional
extensibility. Finally, the paper describes five real-world projects in which the methodology and the CASE tool were applied.
This is a heavily revised and extended version of “Requirements for Information System Reverse Engineering Support” by J.-L.
Hainaut, V. Englebert, J. Henrard, J.-M. Hick, D. Roland, which first appeared in the Proceedings of the Second Working Conference
on Reverse Engineering, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 136–145, July 1995. This paper presents some results of the DB-MAIN
project. This project is partially supported by the Région Wallonne, the European Union, and by a consortium comprising ACEC-OSI (Be), ARIANE-II (Be), Banque UCL (Lux), BBL (Be), Centre de recherche public H.
Tudor (Lux), CGER (Be), Cockerill-Sambre (Be), CONCIS (Fr), D'Ieteren (Be), DIGITAL, EDF (Fr), EPFL (CH), Groupe S (Be), IBM,
OBLOG Software (Port), ORIGIN (Be), Ville de Namur (Be), Winterthur (Be), 3 Suisses (Be). The DB-Process subproject is supported
by the Communauté Fran?aise de Belgique. 相似文献
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27.
Editorial: Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
28.
Specific molecules in cardiac tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats are studied by using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The investigation determines phospholipids, cholesterol, fatty acids and their fragments in the cardiac tissue, with special focus on cardiolipin. Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid typical for cardiomyocyte mitochondrial membrane and its decrease is involved in pathologic conditions. In the positive polarity, the fragments of phosphatydilcholine are observed in the mass region of 700-850 u. Peaks over mass 1400 u correspond to intact and cationized molecules of cardiolipin. In animal tissue, cardiolipin contains of almost exclusively 18 carbon fatty acids, mostly linoleic acid. Linoleic acid at 279 u, other fatty acids, and phosphatidylglycerol fragments, as precursors of cardiolipin synthesis, are identified in the negative polarity. These data demonstrate that SIMS technique along with Au3+ cluster primary ion beam is a good tool for detection of higher mass biomolecules providing approximately 10 times higher yield in comparison with Au+. 相似文献
29.
The fabrication and characterization of two‐photon polymerized features written within and outside of colloidal crystals is presented. Two‐photon polymerization (TPP) response diagrams are introduced and developed to map the polymerization and damage thresholds for features written via modulated beam rastering. The use of tris[4‐(7‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl‐9,9‐diethylfluoren‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine (AF‐350) as an initiator for TPP is demonstrated for the first time and TPP response diagrams illustrate the polymerization window. These diagrams also demonstrate that the polymerization behavior within and outside of colloidal crystals is similar and electron microscopy reveals nearly identical resolution. Fluorescence confocal microscopy further enables visualization of non‐self‐supporting, three‐dimensional TPP features within self‐assembled photonic crystals. Finally, microspot spectroscopy is collected from a two‐photon feature written within a colloidal crystal and this is compared with simulation. 相似文献
30.
Endoscopic Observation of Tissue by Narrowband Illumination 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Kazuhiro Gono Kenji Yamazaki Nobuyuki Doguchi Tetsuo Nonami Takashi Obi Masahiro Yamaguchi Nagaaki Ohyama Hirohisa Machida Yasushi Sano Shigeaki Yoshida Yasuo Hamamoto Takao Endo 《Optical Review》2003,10(4):211-215
We propose a new illumination method for a medical endoscope: narrow band imaging (NBI), in which the spectral bandwidth of the filtered light is narrowed. To confirm how the spectral specifications of the filtered light influence a reproduced image, an experiment was conducted observing the endoscopic images of the back mucosa of a human tongue. In addition, the effect of NBI on endoscopic images was investigated through preliminary clinical tests in colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. It has been shown that NBI can enhance the capillary pattern and the crypt pattern on the mucosa. These patterns are useful features for diagnosing an early cancer. 相似文献