An investigation of intelligent tires using multiscale modeling of cord-rubber composites

A computational model based on the multiscale progressive failure analysis is employed to provide the theoretical predictions for damage development in the cord-rubber composites in tires. Vulcanized rubber, reinforcing belts, and carcass used in tire structures cause the anisotropic behavior under different loading conditions. Steel reinforcement layers made of steel wires combined with rubber complicate the macro-scale finite element modeling of tires. This paper presents a new three-dimensional model of the cord-rubber composite used in tires in order to predict the different types of damage including matrix cracking, delamination, and fiber failure based on the micro-scale analysis. Additionally, intelligent tires have the potential to be widely used to enhance the safety of road transportation systems, and this paper provides an estimation of the effects of void volume fraction, fiber volume fraction, and stacking sequence of the cord-rubber composites on the acceleration profile of the tire measured at the inner-liner.     

Three-dimensional mode shapes of a tire using experimental modal analysis

Experimental modal analysis of a tire was carried out. Mode shapes in the radial, tangential and lateral directions of the tire under radial and tangential excitation, respectively, were obtained for the first time. The consistency of tire experimental modal frequencies in three directions was observed after careful design and adjustment of the test method. This indicates the accuracy of the experiments. The phenomena discovered in this experimental study, such as the mode shapes of the rim and the complex modes of the tire, are discussed in detail. The modal parameters acquired from experimental modal analysis of the tire can be used for the modeling of tire dynamics.     

Elastic steric stabilization of polyethylene-asphalt emulsions by using low molecular weight polybutadiene and devulcanized rubber tire

Emulsions containing 3% polyethylene were stabilized against coalescence in an asphalt medium by low molecular weight virgin polybutadiene and recycled styrene-butadiene stabilizers. The recycled styrene-butadiene steric stabilizer precursor was obtained as a thermo-mechanical devulcanized ground rubber tire in asphalt. The low molecular weight butadiene and styrenebutadiene rubbers were in situ reacted with sulfur in order to increase the compatibility of the stabilizer with the asphalt phase.Because of the high molar volume of the asphalt phase and the similarity in contact energy between stabilizer and matrix phase, it is assumed that the stabilization is caused by entropic effects only. The fundamental aspects of elastic stabilization of polyethylene-asphalt emulsions are discussed. The total interaction free energy profile between the polyethylene particles shows that the efficiency of the steric stabilizer formation reaction can be improved significantly.The use of devulcanized rubber tire as a replacement for the virgin polybutadiene precursor in the in situ stabilization process can significantly reduce the cost of the technology.     

基于流体动力学的轮胎磨损颗粒物捕集通道位置研究

轮胎磨损颗粒物是车辆非尾气排放颗粒物的重要组成部分, 对大气悬浮颗粒物的影响日益增大, 对其进行捕集可减少对生态环境的潜在威胁. 基于喷射法和R-R颗粒物粒径分布, 建立了轮胎磨损颗粒物-轮胎-车辆流体动力学多相流模型, 采用Realiable k-ε湍流模型模拟了汽车在不同行驶速度下轮胎与覆盖件之间的最大风压分布区域, 继而研究了15种磨损颗粒物捕集方案通道出入口位置与捕集率的关系. 结果表明: 轮胎磨损微小颗粒物在后轮处比在前轮处与壁面碰撞的数量多; 捕集率随捕集装置入口高度的增大而减小, 随出口与轮罩边缘距离的增大而增大; 出入口的动压压差越大, 捕集率越高; 当车速为60km?h-1时, 入口位置H=297mm, 出口位置L=600mm时, 捕集率最高, 达到56.32％; 入口位置H=297mm时颗粒物捕集率均超过40％, 出口位置L=600mm时颗粒物捕集率均超过35％.     

废轮胎回转窑中试热解炭表面组分XPS分析

以X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对废轮胎回转窑中试热解炭表面组分进行实验分析,研究热解炭本体与表面的异同,热解温度、热解炭粒径的影响。与商用炭黒比较,废轮胎热解炭本体中含有更多的Zn、Si、S、Mg等杂质元素,各组分与热解温度没有大的相关性;热解炭表面在热解过程中形成了一吸附沉积层,表面层中杂元素的质量分数极低;低于500℃时,热解不完全,吸附沉积物较少。热解炭按粒径存在一定分布,粒度<0.074 mm的粉末状热解炭来自表面磨损脱落的粉末,各种杂元素的质量分数很低;Zn元素的相对质量分数随热解炭粒径的减小而减少。对热解炭进行深度剖析发现,吸附层是极薄的,表面层对本体的影响是极小的;定量分析结果表明,以C质量分数为100,则O为4～6,S、N约为1,Zn小于0.6,而商用炭黑中S约为0.3,不含N、Zn。     

汽车工程中的若干力学问题

汽车的设计、开发和使用离不开力学. 简述汽车的发展历史、主要组成及其性能. 介绍汽车工程中的几个关键力学问题,包括汽车轮胎力学、行驶稳定性分析、驱动与阻力、振动与噪声、碰撞力学与车身耐撞性、撞击损伤生物力学、行人保护力学等. 展望了汽车工程中需要关注的力学问题.     

废轮胎回转窑中试热解油的理化性质

研究了回转窑中试反应器中废轮胎热解所得液体产物油的品质。热解反应在中温段(450℃～650℃)进行,油产率在500℃有最大值45.1%,此后随温度升高而呈下降趋势。对热解油的品质进行了考察,获取了热解油的完整实沸点蒸馏曲线。结果表明,热解油品质较轻,200℃以下轻馏分总量高达33%～40%,而且热解温度的升高也有助于增加轻馏分含量。对各馏分进一步的FT-IR分析显示,较高热解温度下热解油具有较强的芳香性,并可从谱图中识别出苯、萘及其烷基衍生物等芳香类物质。600 ℃和500 ℃热解油低馏分FT-IR分析结果体现了热解芳烃类物质生成的Diels-Alder反应途径。     

Kinetics of pyrolysis and properties of carbon black from a scrap tire

The pyrolysis of rubber from the sidewall and tread of a passenger car tire was carried out in a nitrogen flow at a wide range of final temperatures. Derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) was applied to examine the kinetics at the different process conditions of completed pyrolysis. Two characteristic stages were observed in the DTG curves. The first stage corresponded to the decomposition of processing oil, plastifier, and additives, whereas the rubber polymer was decomposed in the second stage. Several properties of the carbon black formed by the pyrolysis such as ash content, specific surface area, and pore size distribution were determined. A change of the internal structure of the rubber particle in the meso-and macroregions of the pore size was observed. Presented at the 33rd International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 22–26 May 2006.     

统计方法在提高汽车轮胎质量研究中的应用

以乘用子午胎作为主要研究对象,根据某轮胎公司提供的数据,利用回归分析、方差分析、试验设计等统计方法,解决了在有效控制温度下,最佳肩部厚度、速度、最大负荷量,对轮胎质量的影响.