Simulation of Three-Phase Displacement Mechanisms Using a 2D Lattice-Boltzmann Model

Using a numerical technique, known as the lattice-Boltzmann method, we study immiscible three-phase flow at the pore scale. An important phenomenon at this scale is the spreading of oil onto the gas–water interface. In this paper, we recognize from first principles how injected gas remobilizes initially trapped oil blobs. The two main flow mechanisms which account for this type of remobilization are simulated. These are the double-drainage mechanism and (countercurrent) film flow of oil. The simulations agree qualitatively with experimental findings in the literature. We also simulate steady-state three-phase flow (fixed and equal saturations) in a small segment of a waterwet porous medium under both spreading and nonspreading conditions. The difference between the two conditions with respect to the coefficients in the generalized law of Darcy (which also includes viscous coupling) is investigated.     

基于智能换相策略的三相不平衡治理方法

配电网负荷复杂,特征多样,伴随而来的三相不平衡问题愈加突出,为电力系统的安全运行埋下了极大的隐患。为了更好的治理这一情况,本文首先分析了三相不平衡治理原理及换相开关设备的装置组成,选择了遗传算法与爬山算法局部搜索相结合的智能换相策略。此后在某台区实现了现场应用并通过三相负荷电流曲线图展示了治理效果,验证了智能换相装置实际应用的可行性。     

分布式星载单基线SAR-ATI/DPCA技术性能分析与对比

SAR-ATI和SAR-DPCA技术是分布式星载单基线SAR-GMTI系统常用的杂波抑制和运动目标检测方法。本文从运动目标检测性能出发,以两种处理技术的杂波和动目标的信号模型和统计分布模型为基础,考虑杂波和加性噪声、通道幅度/相位不一致性误差、频率同步误差等影响因素,对ATI和DPCA技术的动目标检测性能进行分析和对比。仿真实验表明在地面场景均匀同质假设下,DPCA的检测性能优于ATI技术;通道相位误差对ATI和DPCA技术影响较大;在采取了一定的同步措施前提下,频率同步误差对两种技术的检测性能影响相对较小。      

KINETICS ANALYSIS OF NON-SMOOTH VIBRATION-DRIVEN SYSTEM WITH THREE-PHASE CONTROL 1)

可移动式机器人已成为机器人研究领域的重要分支,为实现其在狭小特殊环境中的运动, 学者们提出并研究了振动驱动移动系统.本文基于二维LuGre摩擦模型和拉格朗日方程,给出了一类振动驱动系统在各向同性摩擦环境中的动力学建模方法和数值算法.这类振动驱动系统结构简单且密封性好,依靠箱体与地面间的摩擦力实现自身的定向运动.该系统由一个外部箱体和两个内部质量块构成,两个质量块在箱体内的两个平行轨道上作三相振动驱动,箱体通过三个刚性支撑足与地面保持接触. 二维LuGre摩擦模型的利用,可有效避免库伦摩擦模型的不连续性给动力学方程的数值求解带来的困难,且可有效揭示该系统在运动过程中的黏滞-滑移切换现象. 数值仿真结果表明,通过调整其内部质量块的驱动参数,可实现箱体的直线平移、定轴转动和平面一般运动,且箱体在移动和转动过程中会出现擦滑、穿滑、回滑和不黏等4种现象; 另外,通过调节驱动参数, 不仅可以改变箱体移动和转动的快慢,还可以改变箱体形心运动轨迹的曲率半径.     

Electromagnetic Sounding of Oil and Gas Formations

A mathematical model is proposed that describes electrical conductivity variation in the near-well zone during drilling formations containing three immiscible phases: oil, gas, and a small amount of native salt water. It is assumed that borehole drilling is performed using a clay–water solution, the mass-exchange process between the moving mud filtrate and immovable native water is infinitely fast, and displacement of the gas phase occurs by piston flow. The redistribution of the immiscible phases is described by the conventional Buckley–Leverett equations. The electromagnetic response of the medium is interpreted using the earlier proposed method of probabilistic convolutions.     

Elliptic Regions and Stable Solutions for Three-Phase flow in Porous Media

In the limit of zero capillary pressure, solutions to the equations governing three-phase flow, obtained using common empirical relative permeability models, exhibit complex wavespeeds for certain saturation values (elliptic regions) that result in unstable and non-unique solutions. We analyze a simple but physically realizable pore-scale model: a bundle of cylindrical capillary tubes, to investigate whether the presence of these elliptic regions is an artifact of using unphysical relative permeabilities. Without gravity, the model does not yield elliptic regions unless the most non-wetting phase is the most viscous and the most wetting phase is the least viscous. With gravity, the model yields elliptic regions for any combination of viscosities, and these regions occupy a significant fraction of the saturation space. We then present converged, stable numerical solutions for one-dimensional flow, which include capillary pressure. These demonstrate that, even when capillary forces are small relative to viscous forces, they have a significant effect on solutions which cross or enter the elliptic region. We conclude that elliptic regions can occur for a physically realizable model of a porous medium, and that capillary pressure should be included explicitly in three-phase numerical simulators to obtain stable, physically meaningful solutions which reproduce the correct sequence of saturation changes.     

Three-Phase Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability Relationships in Mixed-Wet Systems

A simple process-based model of three-phase displacement cycles for both spreading and non-spreading oils in a mixed-wet capillary bundle model is presented. All possible pore filling sequences are determined analytically and it is found that the number of pore occupancies that are permitted on physical grounds is actually quite restricted. For typical non-spreading gas/oil/water systems, only two important cases need to be considered to see all types of allowed qualitative behaviour for non-spreading oils. These two cases correspond to whether water or gas is the intermediate-wetting phase in oil-wet pores as determined by the corresponding contact angles, that is, cos ^o _gw > 0 or cos ^o _gw < 0, respectively. Analysis of the derived pore occupancies leads to the establishment of a number of relationships showing the phase dependencies of three-phase capillary pressures and relative permeabilities in mixed-wet systems. It is shown that different relationships hold in different regions of the ternary diagram and the morphology of these regions is discussed in terms of various rock/fluid properties. Up to three distinct phase-dependency regions may appear for a non-spreading oil and this reduces to two for a spreading oil. In each region, we find that only one phase may be specified as being the intermediate-wetting phase and it is only the relative permeability of this phase and the capillary pressure between the two remaining phases that depend upon more than one saturation. Given the simplicity of the model, a remarkable variety of behaviour is predicted. Moreover, the emergent three-phase saturation-dependency regions developed in this paper should prove useful in: (a) guiding improved empirical approaches of how two-phase data should be combined to obtain the corresponding three-phase capillary pressures and relative permeabilities; and (b) determining particular displacement sequences that require additional investigation using a more complete process-based 3D pore-scale network model.     

Determination of the Wave Structure of the Three-Phase Flow Riemann Problem

In a previous paper (Transp. Porous Media,55(1): 47–70), algorithms are given for computing the analytical solution to the three-phase Riemann problem. Application of those algorithms requires that the wave configuration is known. The purpose of this note is to provide a procedure to determine the wave structure for any initial and injected saturation states.     

RESEARCH ON PRESSURE WAVE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS IN THREE-PHASE FLOW DURING MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING

考虑虚拟质量力、相间阻力、气相溶解度及滑脱速度等因素,在双流体模型基础上,建立了控压钻井中油-气-钻井液三相流体压力波速模型. 将溢流气体视为气相,将溢流油相及钻井液相视为液相,液相弹性模量及密度等参数为油相及钻井液相中各参数的加权和,利用半隐式差分及小扰动理论等数学方法,借助计算机编程对其求解. 结果表明,当井底气侵量从0.36m³/h 增至3.6m³/h,波速减小峰值为498.59m/s,而相同的油侵增加量,波速呈缓慢减小趋势,波速减小峰值为19.21m/s;当回压从0.1MPa 增至9.0MPa,波速呈增大趋势,波速增大峰值为233.15m/s;不考虑虚拟质量力,在低频段引起的波速误差呈增大趋势,在高频段引起的波速误差峰值稳定于10.03%.     

基于STM32的晶闸管三相调压电路的设计

SCR三相调压触发电路已有不少设计与应用,文中提出了一种简化的基于STM32的调压触发电路设计方案,并完成了系统的软硬件设计。该设计主要采用了光电隔离并利用三相电源自身的相间换流特性,只用三组触发信号就可以达到控制六只晶闸管导通角的作用。软件部分采用了STM32芯片多个高性能定时器及周边AD接口,完成了高精度触发信号发生、PID控制调压等功能。通过实验表明该系统简便可靠,达到了设计要求。