Effective electroelastic constants for three-phase confocal elliptical cylinder model in piezoelectric quasicrystal composites

A three-phase confocal elliptical cylinder model is proposed to analyze micromechanics of one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal (PQC) composites. Exact solutions of the phonon, phason, and electric fields are obtained by using the conformal mapping combined with the Laurent expansion technique when the model is subject to far-field anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electric loadings. The effective electroelastic constants of several different composites made up of PQC, quasicrystal (QC), and piezoelectric (PE) materials are predicted by the generalized self-consistent method. Numerical examples are conducted to show the effects of the volume fraction and the cross-sectional shape of inclusion (or fiber) on the effective electroelastic constants of these composites. Compared with other micromechanical methods, the generalized selfconsistent and Mori-Tanaka methods can predict the effective electroelastic constants of the composites consistently.     

Expansion of three-phase contact line after rupture of thin non-symmetrical liquid films

Summary Rate of expansion of three-phase contact perimeter at monolayers of octadecyl amine (substrate:quartz) of different numbers was investigated and the results were discussed on the basis of a theory for dimple formation. Correlations between adsorption density of surfactant at the liquid/gaseous interface, velocity of three-phase contact perimeter and induction time are presented.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit des Dreiphasenkontaktperimeters auf Monoschichten von Octadecylamin (Substrat:Quarz) unterschiedlicher Zahl untersucht und die Ergebnisse auf Grundlage einer Theorie zur Dimplebildung diskutiert. Korrelationen zwischen der Adsoptionsdichte an Tensid an der Grenzfläche flüssig/Gas, der Geschwindigkeit des Dreiphasenkontaktperimeters und der Induktionszeit werden aufgezeigt.

     

FMM神经网络结合CART的感应电动机故障诊断方法

针对感应电动机存在多种故障问题,提出一种融合模糊极小-极大（FMM）神经网络和分类回归树（CART）的电机故障诊断方法（FMM-CART）,对转子断条、定子绕组和电压失衡三种常见电机故障进行诊断。通过采集电机三相的电流信号,并进行功率谱分析,提取特定谐波信号作为FMM-CART模型的输入特征。训练过的FMM神经网络根据输入特征计算置信因子,CART根据置信因子构建决策树,最终输出诊断结果。实验结果表明,FMM-CART能有效的诊断各种电机故障,且具有较少的检测时间和较低的网络复杂度。     

PTF-based control algorithm for three-phase interleaved inverter-based SAPF

In this paper, modelling and hardware implementation of three-phase interleaved inverter-based shunt active power filter (SAPF) is proposed to mitigate current harmonics, reactive power for ensuring unity power factor and load balancing without shoot-through effect. Shoot-through effect is one of the hazardous issues in conventional voltage source inverters such as damage of power electronic switches, electromagnetic interference, ringing in the power circuitry. The present power system has inevitable non-linear loads which create large variations in the supply voltage distortions. Therefore, the compensation capability and efficiency of the SAPFs degrades. A novel predictive tuned filter is proposed in this paper to estimate the variations in the amplitude of supply voltage, frequency and harmonics for extracting the fundamental voltage signal. The fundamental extracted signal is further processed for reference current generation using generalized p-q theory. The performance of the proposed system is simulated using MATLAB®/Simulink environment and tested under different supply voltage conditions. The simulation results have been validated by developing a prototype in the laboratory by using a dSPACE1104 controller. It is found from the simulated and experimental results that the proposed system is fast, robust and accurate which improves the power quality without shoot-through problem.     

An origin of a middle surfactant phase (Dp): A critical double end point in a water/polyoxyethylene alkyl ether/propanol/heptane system

 Phase behavior of water/hexaethyleneglycol dodecyl ether (C₁₂EO₆)/propanol/heptane system was investigated in a composition–temperature space (25–30 ^°C) at atmospheric pressure. A cone-like three-phase body consisting of aqueous (W), surfactant (Dp), and oil (O) phases is formed in the two-phase body of Wm (aqueous micellar phase)+O at 30.0 ^°C. With decreasing temperature the three-phase body becomes thinner and finally disappears at a critical double end point (CDEP) where the two critical end points of W and Dp phases are merged. The CDEP exists at about 26.2 ^°C (T _CDEP). The hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) of the mixed amphiphile changes towards lipophilic on addition of propanol. As a result, the Wm phase separates into two phases W+Dp above the T _CDEP. Further addition reduces the lipophobicity of aqueous media (or the solvophobicity of the mixed amphiphile), and the W and Dp phases are merged again. Below T _CDEP, since C₁₂EO₆ becomes much hydrophilic, the change of HLB lurks and a middle phase (Dp) cannot be observed. Received: 19 June 1997 Accepted: 20 March 1998     

Über eine Möglichkeit zur Herstellung geeigneter Kapillarspitzen zur Erzeugung von Blasenprofilen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Comprehensive separation of a wide variety of compounds from olive leaves by counter-current chromatography with three-phase solvent system

The three-phase solvent system counter-current chromatography has been of great research interest, because it can separate compounds with a wide range of polarity. The solvent system of n-hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether/acetonitrile/water (5:5:7:5, v/v) was used for counter-current chromatographic comprehensive separation of olive leaves. The study adopted the normal elution mode. The middle phase and the lower phase (at a volume ratio of 7:3) were pumped into the column simultaneously, followed by eluting with the upper, middle, and lower phases in sequence. The retention rate of the stationary phase measured by the experiment was 73.5%. The upper phase was used to elute the nonpolar compounds, then the mobile phase was switched to the middle phase to elute the moderately hydrophobic compounds, finally, the polar compounds were eluted by the lower phase remaining in the chromatographic column. This method successfully separated eight compounds in one step within 270 min and five compounds were identified. The logP values of these five compounds were 7.44, 7.86, 4.16, −0.11, and 0.96, respectively, covering a wide range of polarities. The present study demonstrated that the three-phase solvent has a strong extraction capacity for ingredients from extremely hydrophilic compounds to extremely hydrophobic compounds.     

三自由度气浮台自动平衡系统动力学建模

为了在地面模拟卫星的姿态运动,三自由度气浮台的回转中心应与重心重合,并且各轴与对应卫星各轴应具有相等的转动惯量,实现1∶1模拟,这样执行机构的控制力矩矢量与实际卫星相同;或两者的角加速度相一致,以模拟卫星在外层空间所受干扰力矩很小的力学环境.当重心相对于回转中心存在漂移时产生静态不平衡;主惯性轴相对于回转轴存在漂移时会产生动态不平衡.该文阐述了三自由度气浮台的平衡步骤以及手动平衡和自动平衡技术,推导了三自由度气浮台自动平衡动力学公式,并对平衡过程进行了数值仿真,仿真结果表明自动平衡调节可以使平台浮起部分的摆动周期延长至约1300 s.     

Loss of real characteristics for models of three-phase flow in a porous medium

In this paper we examine the generalized Buckley-Leverett equations governing threephase immiscible, incompressible flow in a porous medium, in the absence of gravitational and diffusive/dispersive effects. We consider the effect of the relative permeability models on the characteristic speeds in the flow. Using a simple idea from projective geometry, we show that under reasonable assumptions on the relative permeabilities there must be at least one point in the saturation triangle at which the characteristic speeds are equal. In general, there is a small region in the saturation triangle where the characteristic speeds are complex. This is demonstrated with the numerical results at the end of the paper.Symbols and Notation a, b, c, d entries of Jacobian matrix - A, B, C, D coefficients in Taylor expansion of _t, _v, _a - det J determinant of matrix J - dev J deviator of matrix J - J Jacobian matrix - L linear term in Taylor expansion for J near (s _v, s_a) = (0, 1) - m slope of r ₊ - p pressure - r± eigenvectors of Jacobian matrix - R real line - S intersection of saturation triangle with circle of radius centered at (1, 0) - S intersection of saturation triangle with circle of radius centered at (0, 1) - s _l, s_v, s_a saturations of phases (liquid, vapor, aqua) - tr J trace of matrix J - v _l , v _v , v _a phase flow rates (Darcy velocities) - v _T total flow rate - X, Y, Z entries of dev J - smooth closed curve inside saturation triangle - saturation triangle - _l, _v, _a phase density times gravitational acceleration times resevoir dip angle - K total permeability - _l, _v, _a three-phase relative permeabilities - _lv>, _la liquid phase relative permeabilities from two-phase data - _l, _v, _a mobilities of phases - _T total mobility - _l Corey mobility - _l, _v, _a phase viscosities - _± eigenvalues of Jacobian matrix - porosity Supported in part by National Science Foundation grant No. DMS-8701348, by Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant No. AFOSR-87-0283, and by Army Research Office grant No. DAAL03-88-K-0080.This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.     

摩擦板式电流变阻尼器在抑制转子突加不平衡响应中的应用

设计了用于转子振动控制的摩擦板式电流变阻尼器,建立了电流变阻尼器－转子系统的分析模型,根据文献「７」中建立的突加不平衡模型,理论分析了电流变阻尼器抑制转子系统突加不平衡响应,计算分析结果发现：随着外加电压的升高,电流变阻尼器能有效地抑制突加不平衡响应。