基于互动反馈教学系统的无机化学课堂教学改革

针对基础无机化学教学存在的普遍问题,在课堂教学中引入互动反馈教学系统。重点从课堂设计、课堂互动模式、课后测试、课程分析总结等4个方面介绍了课堂互动反馈教学系统的具体应用;互动教学模式对无机化学教学的促进作用显著,整个学期平均到课出勤率达到99%,95%以上的学生认为这种互动教学方式能活跃课堂气氛,激发学习兴趣,愿意接受基于课堂投票表决器构建的互动教学模式。     

Giant Hysteretic Single‐Molecule Electric Polarisation Switching above Room Temperature

Continual progress has been achieved in information technology through unrelenting miniaturisation of the single memory bit in integrated ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, optical, and related circuits. However, as miniaturisation approaches its theoretical limit, new memory materials are being sought. Herein, we report a unique material exhibiting single‐molecule electric polarisation switching that can operate above room temperature. The phenomenon occurs in a Preyssler‐type polyoxometalate (POM) cluster we call a single‐molecule electret (SME). It exhibits all the characteristics of ferroelectricity but without long‐range dipole ordering. The SME affords bi‐stability as a result of the two potential positions of localisation of a Tb³⁺ ion trapped in the POM, resulting in extremely slow relaxation of the polarisation and electric hysteresis with high spontaneous polarisation and coercive electric fields. Our findings suggest that SMEs can potentially be applied to ultrahigh‐density memory 1 and other molecular‐level electronic devices operating above room temperature. 2     

A Self‐Digitization Dielectrophoretic (SD‐DEP) Chip for High‐Efficiency Single‐Cell Capture,On‐Demand Compartmentalization,and Downstream Nucleic Acid Analysis

The design and fabrication of a self‐digitization dielectrophoretic (SD‐DEP) chip with simple components for single‐cell manipulation and downstream nucleic acid analysis is presented. The device employed the traditional DEP and insulator DEP to create the local electric field that is tailored to approximately the size of single cells, enabling highly efficient single‐cell capture. The multistep procedures of cell manipulation, compartmentalization, lysis, and analysis were performed in the integrated microdevice, consuming minimal reagents, minimizing contamination, decreasing lysate dilution, and increasing assay sensitivity. The platform developed here could be a promising and powerful tool in single‐cell research for precise medicine.     

高比能高功率全石墨烯锂离子电容器

石墨烯由于拥有超高比表面积和超高电导率而被作为电化学电容器材料广泛研究.本文采用树脂为碳源,通过一种方便快捷的树脂交换法制备一种具有高比表面积的多级孔三维石墨烯（3DG）.经过此种方法的催化、造孔、热处理等主要工艺步骤后,可显著增加石墨烯材料的小、介孔数量,从而提高材料的电化学性能.通过BET测试表明,3DG的比表面积可达2400 m²/g,孔体积达到2.0 cm³/g.以3DG作为正负极材料制备高比能量高功率型锂离子电容器（3DG-LIC）,可使3DG-LIC的工作电压从传统超级电容器的2.5 V扩展到4.0 V,能量密度也从20 Wh/kg提高到105 Wh/kg.另外,相同的化学和微观结构能很好地平衡正负极的容量及速率,使高比能量高功率的3DG-LIC具有更宽阔的应用领域.     

Highly Emissive Fused Heterocyclic Alkynylgold(III) Complexes for Multiple Color Emission Spanning from Green to Red for Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

A new class of fused heterocyclic tridentate ligand‐containing alkynylgold(III) complexes with tunable emission color has been successfully designed and synthesized. Structural modification of the σ‐donating fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands, including substituted fluorene, carbazole, and triphenylamine, enables a large spectral shift of about 110 nm (ca. 3310 cm^?1) that covers the green to red region to be realized with the same tridentate ligand‐containing alkynylgold(III) complexes in solid‐state thin films. Interestingly, the energy of the excimeric emission can be controlled by the rational design of the fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands. Superior solution‐processable organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) with high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 12.2, 13.5, 9.3, and 5.2 % were obtained with green, yellow, orange, and red emission. These high EQE values are comparable to those of the vacuum‐deposited OLEDs based on structurally related alkynylgold(III) complexes.     

丝网印刷柔性电子器件

有机电子器件的主要优势之一是溶液可处理性,这使得可以通过多种印刷方法制备有机电子器件。丝网印刷作为一种十分成熟的印刷方法,被广泛应用于微电子器件的制备。本文主要从丝网印刷的组成、影响丝网印刷精密度的因素以及丝网印刷在场效应晶体管、太阳能电池、有机发光二极管等柔性电子器件制备中的应用分别作以介绍,并对目前丝网印刷在印刷柔性电子器件中存在的困难和挑战作以总结。     

Rational Design of Poly(2,7‐Carbazole) Derivatives for Photovoltaic Applications

A reliable model that can be used to estimate the electronic properties (i.e., the HOMO, LUMO, and band gap energies) of conjugated polymers would be a great tool for applications in organic electronics such as light‐emitting diodes, field‐effect transistors, and photovoltaic cells. Recently, poly(2,7‐carbazole) derivatives have shown promising results when used as an active donor layer in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells with power conversion efficiency exceeding 7%. By using a simple correlation between density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations performed on six model compounds (using the repeating unit) and experimental data from the six corresponding polymers, an accurate estimation of the HOMO energy level, the LUMO energy levels, and the band gap of several poly(2,7‐carbazole) derivatives was obtained. According to the theoretical data obtained for more than one hundred repeating units, fourteen new copolymers that can be used as p‐type materials in bulk heterojunction solar cells were selected and synthesized. Experimental data obtained from these materials were then used to refine the correlation between DFT and experimental data of poly(2,7‐carbazole) derivatives.

     

柔性电池的最新研究进展

柔性电池作为新型柔性电子设备的关键部件,得到越来越多的关注.近年来,柔性锂离子电池取得了实质性的发展,并在卷曲式显示器、触摸屏、可穿戴动力传感器和可植入医疗装置等方面得到应用.本文主要介绍柔性锂离子电池的发展现状,分别从集流体、电极材料和电解质三部分进行阐述,特别介绍拉伸性能的实现途径,根据其不同的结构特点,可以分为波形结构、点阵互联结构、纺织结构、折纸结构和电缆式结构,并提出将柔性材料与新型结构相结合可以促进柔性电池发展.同时,也对其他柔性电池体系,如锂硫电池、燃料电池和太阳能电池等的最新发展进行简单概述.最后,对目前柔性电池的发展过程中存在的问题进行了总结,并对其未来的发展方向与面临的挑战进行展望.