CO_2跨临界制冷循环中应用两相螺杆膨胀机的理论分析

本文在介绍利用环保、安全的ＣＯ２作为制冷剂的跨临界循环的基础上,分析了系统各部件的■损失情况,并通过与常规工质对比,提出了采用汽液两相螺杆膨胀机取代系统中节流阀的方法。该方法可明显提高系统的ＣＯＰ,具有广阔的实际应用前景。文章结合ＣＯ２超临界流体的实际特点,对研制、开发ＣＯ２两相螺杆膨胀机提出了设计思想和建议。     

Asymmetric first‐order transition and interlocked particle state in magnetocaloric La(Fe,Si)13

In‐situ synchrotron XRD measurements of the magnetocaloric material LaFe_11.8Si_1.2 are used to understand virgin effects and asymmetry of the underlying first order magnetovolume transition. A remarkable change of the transition kinetics occurs after the first cycle, which we attribute to the formation of cracks originating from the volume change. Tomographic imaging revealed that the bulk material disintegrates via an interlocked state where fragments are loosely connected. Though cracks have opened between the fragments, the transition is sharp, which we attribute to magnetostatic interactions. In the cycled sample we find a strong asymmetry between the transition interval upon heating and cooling, which we explain by isostatic pressure acting on parts of the sample during the cooling transition. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Diffusion emission model for solid-state photon-enhanced thermionic emission solar energy converters

Solid-state photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) solar energy converters are new devices that can directly convert solar energy into electrical power at elevated temperatures. This study proposes a new solid-state PETE device structure with a p-type doped semiconductor as the absorber. A model based on a 1D steady-state continuity equation is presented to simulate the diffusion and emission of photogenerated carriers and to calculate the efficiencies. This model can evaluate the effect of device structure and material parameters on performance and efficiency. Calculation results show that the new device is more efficient compared with the original device. A longer electron diffusion length is favourable for enhancing efficiency. Moreover, the optimal absorber thickness is predicted. Our analyses also show that the front interface strongly affects conversion efficiency, which emphasises the need to reduce interface recombination losses. The results of this study may serve as bases for the optimum design of practical solid-state PETE devices.     

制冷与空气调节电气技术探讨

随着我国经济的不断发展使得人们对生活质量的要求不断提高，而科学技术的发展也为我国制冷与空气调节电气技术的发展提供了技术支持，制冷与空气调节电气技术的发展改善了人们的生活，使得人们生活越来越舒适。制冷与空气调节电气技术的发展同样使得我国经济持续稳定的发展，对于社会的和谐发展也使具有重要的意义。     

Experimental study of the performance characteristics of a steam-ejector refrigeration system

Conventional compression-refrigeration systems not only consume a large amount of electric power, but also cause serious environmental pollution. Among the various possible approaches in overcoming these two problems, a steam-ejector refrigeration system is believed to be most effective. This paper experimentally investigates the controlling parameters of a steam ejector, including operating conditions and the exit Mach number of the primary nozzle. Operation maps useful to the practical design are constructed from experimental results, and the empirical equations are correspondingly derived. Excessively increasing the exit Mach number of primary nozzle is unnecessary, and 4.35 should be a moderate value. With regard to the performance characteristics of the ejector itself, a steam ejector is better than an R114 ejector and is comparable to an R113 ejector. Moreover, with the use of a two-stage ejector, the required pressure to drive a steam ejector is reduced, and the low-grade heat source can be efficiently used. The results of primitive observation of the flow field are also discussed in this work.     

应用于CdTe太阳能电池热离子发射与扩散理论

该文运用了载流子的热离子发射理论与扩散理论来分析类型II异质结CdTe薄膜太能电池的载流子输运过程,得到了一个综合而全面的载流子电流电压输运方程;由该输运方程可知,对于窄准中性区的CdTe太能电池,流过其结的总电流由热离子发射过程来制约;反之,则由扩散过程来限制结的总电流。对于基于类型II异质结的薄膜太阳能电池,该输运方程可以为其更深入的研究,如各类掺杂情况边界条件的确定、转换效率的计算等,提供很好的理论基础。     

两个Gd2配合物的晶体结构及磁制冷性质

使用多齿席夫碱配体（H₂L=pyridine-2-carboxylic acid （3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzylidene）-hydrazide）分别与Gd （dbm）₃·2H₂O （Hdbm=二苯甲酰基甲烷）及Gd （NO）₃·6H₂O反应,通过溶剂热法得到了2个新的Gd₂配合物[Gd₂（L）₂（dbm）₂（C₂H₅OH）₂]（1）和[Gd₂（L）₂（HL）₂（DMF）]·2CH₃CN （2）（DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺）,并对其结构与磁性质进行了系统的研究。单晶结构分析表明配合物1中的每个中心Gd(Ⅲ)离子均为8配位,其配位几何构型为略微变形的三角十二面体,相邻的中心Gd(Ⅲ)离子通过2个μ₂-O连接形成了平行四边形的Gd₂O₂核心;配合物2中的每个中心Gd(Ⅲ)离子均为9配位,其配位几何构型为扭曲的球形单帽四方反棱柱,相邻的中心Gd(Ⅲ)离子通过3个μ₂-O连接形成了三角双锥形的Gd₂O₃核心。磁性测试表明配合物1和2具有磁制冷性质,其最大磁熵变（-ΔS_m）分别为20.16 J·K^-1·kg^-1（T=2.0 K,ΔH=70 kOe）和17.14 J·K^-1·kg^-1（T=2.0 K,ΔH=70 kOe）。     

跨临界二氧化碳制冷系统动态性能仿真研究

本文运用集中参数和相界面移动法为跨临界二氧化碳制冷系统建立了动态仿真模型,用MATLAB进行了求解。该模型能够完整地反映跨临界二氧化碳制冷系统的多输入多输出关系,研究控制参数对系统性能的影响,为二氧化碳制冷系统的优化设计和优化控制打下了良好的基础。     

S波段1＋腔热阴极微波电子枪研究

叙述了１＋腔热阴极微波电子枪设计、制造与调试的情况。该枪已于１９９２年１２月调试出束，经过一年多的调试运行，测量了电子束的发射度和能谱，得到了满意的结果。当输入功率约１．１ＭＷ时，输出电子束最大能量１ＭｅＶ，平均电子能量０．６ＭｅＶ，宏脉冲电流１Ａ，宏脉冲宽度约２μａ，重复频率５０Ｈｚ，微波工作频率２９９７．７５ＭＨｚ，束流归一化发射度ε_ｎ≈５πｍｍ·ｍｒａｄ。     

热阴极微波电子枪模拟计算

用模拟计算方法,研究了热阴极微波电子枪的束流动力学行为,采用笛卡尔坐标,编制了准三维模拟计算程序──HOTGUN.计算中除考虑了射频场外,还充分考虑了空间电荷效应(空间电荷场为轴对称场)、肖特基效应及稳态负载效应等.文中给出了HOTGUN程序与PARMELA部分模拟结果及中科院高能所自由电子激光室微波电子枪热测实验台部分实验结果的比较,最后以用于北京自由电子激光器的多腔热阴极微波电子枪为例,给出了详细的HOTGUN程序模拟计算结果.