平板型太阳热水器板芯高温耐久性实验方法研究

为了研究平板型太阳热水器板芯表面的高温耐久性,结合国外的实验方法及国内的应用特点设计了本实验方法.该方法以板芯表面光学性能的衰减来推断系统的寿命,即在一定的高温实验条件下模拟加速衰减过程,以板芯表面光学性能衰减小于5%作为判断板芯合格标准.     

砂土地基锚板基础抗拔承载力PFC数值分析

在模型试验的基础上,采用PFC离散单元法对条形锚板基础在中密砂土地基中的抗拔性能进行了数值分析。数值模拟采用簇颗粒单元来模拟砂粒的不规则形状,颗粒级配根据模型试验福建标准砂的级配按照相似级配法生成,细观参数根据数值双轴试验确定。水平锚板数值模拟结果与模型试验结果基本一致。与模型试验结果相比,颗粒流数值模拟能得到颗粒间接触力链的分布及其演化规律,能从细观角度来探明宏观抗拔承载力特性的演化机理。在此基础上对倾斜锚板上拔过程进行了模拟,分析了锚板前后砂粒的运动趋势以及接触力链的演化规律,并与已有承载力结果进行了对比分析。     

-196 ℃奥氏体不锈钢母材与焊缝的动态断裂韧性

在-196 ℃对S30408奥氏体不锈钢的母材和焊缝进行了夏比摆锤冲击实验,采用改进的柔度变化率法得到了低温下不锈钢母材夏比试样的起裂点。结果表明,采用改进的柔度变化率法得到的结果比采用传统的柔度变化率法得到的结果更准确。根据实验得到的载荷-位移曲线,结合采用Schindler法和关键曲线法各自所得结果的优点,得到了不锈钢母材的动态裂纹扩展阻力曲线（动态J-R曲线）。依据不锈钢焊缝在低温动载下的载荷-位移曲线及其断裂特征,通过线弹性断裂力学计算获得其动态断裂韧性。     

DH36钢拉伸塑性流动特性及本构关系

对DH36钢在温度从293~800 K、应变率为0.001和0.1 s-1的拉伸塑性流动特性进行实验研究,通过端口形貌图对变形前后的试样进行了微观分析,结果表明：(1)在实验温度范围内,0.001和0.1 s-1的应变率下,第三型应变时效现象出现,随应变率的增加,时效发生的温度区域移向更高温度;(2)第三型应变时效的发生与合金原子在晶界和晶粒中大量的第二相析出强化有关联;(3)建立包含第三型应变时效现象的统一本构模型,通过比较该模型能够较好的预测DH36的塑性拉伸流动应力。     

A critical investigation of smoothed particle hydrodynamics applied to problems with free‐surfaces

In this paper, an in‐depth study of SPH method, in its original weakly compressible version, is achieved on dedicated 2D and 3D free‐surface flow test cases. These rather critical prototype problems shall constitute suitable test cases to get through when building a free‐surface SPH model. The present work aims at investigating various numerical aspects of this method, often little mentioned in literature. In particular, a great care is paid to the dynamic part of the solution, which is critical to the local hydrodynamic load prediction. The role of numerical errors in the development of acoustic frequencies in the pressure signals is discussed, as well as the influence of the choice of the sound velocity. On the shown test problems, it is also evidenced that some numerical tools are crucial to ensure the robustness and accuracy of the standard SPH method. The convergence of our model is heuristically proved on these nonlinear prototype tests, showing at the same time the very satisfactory level of accuracy reached. Through these tests, some other numerical specificities of the SPH method are discussed, such as the self‐redistribution of the particles occurring during the Lagrangian evolution. A higher order model is also proposed, and its advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design of an Optimal Grid for Finite Element Methods

ABSTRACT Finite element solutions of improved quality are obtained by optimizing the location of nodes of the finite element grid, while keeping the number of degrees of freedom fixed. The formulation of the grid optimization problem is based on the reduction of error associated with interpolation of the exact solution, using functions from the finite element space. Element sizes are selected as design variables: length in R1 and area in R2. Analytically derived optimality conditions are presented and an approximation to these conditions is introduced to obtain a set of operationally useful equations that can be used as guidelines for construction of improved grids. Example problems are given for illustration.     

Tension–torsion fracture experiments – Part II: Simulations with the extended Gurson model and a ductile fracture criterion based on plastic strain

An extension of the Gurson model that incorporates damage development in shear is used to simulate the tension–torsion test fracture data presented in Faleskog and Barsoum (2013) (Part I) for two steels, Weldox 420 and 960. Two parameters characterize damage in the constitutive model: the effective void volume fraction and a shear damage coefficient. For each of the steels, the initial effective void volume fraction is calibrated against data for fracture of notched round tensile bars and the shear damage coefficient is calibrated against fracture in shear. The calibrated constitutive model reproduces the full range of data in the tension–torsion tests thereby providing a convincing demonstration of the effectiveness of the extended Gurson model. The model reinforces the experiments by highlighting that for ductile alloys the effective plastic strain at fracture cannot be based solely on stress triaxiality. For nominally isotropic alloys, a ductile fracture criterion is proposed for engineering purposes that depends on stress triaxiality and a second stress invariant that discriminates between axisymmetric stressing and shear dominated stressing.     

持荷混凝土构件耐久性试验加载装置应用技术

针对混凝土构件耐久性试验环境的腐蚀性和多变性、试验设备容量的限制、混凝土的徐变及加载杆件的松弛等影响,对持荷试件加载装置进行了设计与研究。通过自平衡加载装置对紧固件施加扭矩来控制持荷试件的应力水平,并实时监测不同材质及环境下的扭矩系数、混凝土徐变和紧固件的应力松弛,以此获得扭矩的衰减规律,为试件应力补偿提供理论依据。采用两套加载装置对8根(套)试件进行了测试,试验结果表明,自平衡加载装置适用性强、加载及其补偿简便且能够满足试验要求,持荷试件应力损失在六周后趋于稳定。该装置及其应用技术可用于荷载与环境共同作用下混凝土构件的耐久性试验。     

速度和载荷对脂润滑2Cr13钢离子渗氮层摩擦学行为的影响

利用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机对不同速度和载荷条件下 PFPE脂润滑2Cr13钢离子渗氮层进行了系统的真空滑动摩擦磨损试验.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分别对磨损表面的形貌、化学状态及润滑脂的成分进行分析.结果表明:随着载荷和滑动速度的增加,脂润滑渗氮层的磨损机制由轻微磨损向轻微复合磨损机制转变.在真空摩擦磨损过程中2Cr13钢离子渗氮层与PFPE润滑脂发生化学反应,并有FeF3生成,促进PFPE润滑脂发生降解,形成酸性的氟化物.增加载荷和速度会加速渗氮层与润滑脂之间的反应,进一步促进润滑脂的降解.     

含冲击损伤复合材料层压板压缩破坏机制的声发射特性研究

复合材料层压板在压缩破坏过程中包含了丰富的声发射信息.为了研究含冲击损伤的复合材料层压板的压缩破坏机制,采用声发射观察层压板的压缩破坏过程,通过分析声发射信号的特征规律,表征了在压缩载荷下材料损伤的形式及其演化过程.结果表明:通过对声发射参数(撞击计数、能量、幅值、事件位置)和载荷曲线进行综合分析,发现损伤的发展过程经过了初始阶段、平稳扩展期和断裂阶段,冲击造成的分层区域最先出现屈曲并最早破坏;在损伤初始阶段和平稳扩展期间,损伤是一种渐进式的增长,层压板具有一定的承载能力;在断裂阶段损伤快速扩展,层压板的承载能力迅速下降,在出现纤维密集断裂的现象后整体破坏.