多孔氧化铝模板催化制备定向碳纳米管阵列

Well-aligned open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays were prepared via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates without depositing any transition metals as catalyst. Effects of the CVD temperature and heat treatment were studied in detail.Well-aligned open-ended MWCNT arrays were obtained at the CVD temperature above 600 ℃; when CVD temperature is reduced to around 550 ℃, CNTs, CNFs and other structures existed at the same time; no CNTs or carbon nanofibres (CNFs) could be found as the CVD temperature is below 500 ℃, and only amorphous carbon in the porous AAO template was found. Experimental results showed that the AAO template is catalytic during the CVD process, and it has the following two effects: to catalyze thermal decomposition of acetylene and to catalyze conversion of carbon decomposed from acetylene into CNTs or CNFs. Heat treatment could improve the graphitization degree, but it might also introduce new defects.     

二苯基二甲氧基硅烷单体制备空心微胶囊的模板合成方法研究

制备了直径在700～1500 nm范围内的空心聚硅氧烷微球. 在O/W型聚二苯基硅氧烷微乳模板核上, 加入一定比例的二苯基二甲氧基硅烷(D型官能团)和甲基三甲氧基硅烷(T型官能团)的有机硅单体, 使之围绕在模板核表面聚合交联形成核壳结构的聚硅氧烷微胶囊, 利用合适溶剂溶解透析的方法去除模板核得到空心微胶囊. 通过TEM和AFM测定考察, 讨论了体系的各反应条件对空心微球的形态结构和大小分布的影响.     

香豆素分子模板聚合物的合成与性能研究

以香豆素为模板分子, α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酰胺(MA)、2-乙烯基吡啶(2-VP)和4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)为功能单体, 二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)为交联剂, 利用分子模板技术分别在甲苯、甲醇、氯仿和乙腈溶剂中合成了一系列香豆素分子模板聚合物(MTP), 研究了聚合体系组成对模板聚合物吸附特性的影响. 结果表明, 在所合成的模板聚合物中, 以MAA为功能单体, 乙腈为致孔溶剂, 以1∶4∶30的摩尔比加入模板分子、MAA及EGDMA时制备的模板聚合物吸附容量高、印迹效果和选择性好. 此模板聚合物有作为白芷样品中香豆素吸附分离材料的应用前景.     

复杂微结构三维形貌测量方法的研究

微结构三维形貌测量是研究微加工工艺和微尺寸特性的重要测试内容。本文提出一种基于相移显微干涉术、利用干涉陶建立二维结构模板指导相位展开的新方法,它不仅适用于静态测量,而且能应用于在动态测量中,特别是微机电系统（MEMS）器件的运动测量。以微谐振器为测试器件,对其运动梳齿结构进行了静态三维形貌测量,实验的离面理论测量精度优于0．5nm,测试结构内部的面内理论测量精度优于0．5μm,而边缘尺寸因受到边缘提取方法的影响,其测量精度仅在μm量级。对该方法的缺点和发展方向做了探讨。     

功能模板导向合成介孔三氧化钨及其光电化学性能

以钨酸(H₂WO₄)为钨前驱体,十二烷胺(DDA)为模板剂,利用模板剂的结构导向功能,合成了比表面积为57.3 m²·g^-1的介孔三氧化钨(DDA-WO₃),是未用DDA制备的非介孔WO₃(H₂WO₄-WO₃)的2.35倍。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,400 ℃下煅烧的DDA-WO₃是具有单斜晶型结晶孔壁的无序介孔结构。此外,400~550 ℃下煅烧的DDA-WO₃的结晶度均高于同条件的H₂WO₄-WO₃。400 ℃下的DDA-WO₃/FTO(掺氟氧化锡)在1.0 V的Ag/AgCl偏压作用下,可以产生0.18 mA·cm^-2的饱和光电流,是H₂WO₄-WO₃/FTO(0.06 mA·cm^-2)的3倍。增强的光电化学(PEC)活性主要因为DDA-WO₃/FTO的大表面积降低了低结晶度对PEC性能的不利影响,成为影响PEC活性的主要因素。500 ℃煅烧导致了DDA-WO₃/FTO介孔结构的坍塌,但高的结晶度仍然保持其优越的PEC催化活性。     

Structural Insights into the Design of Synthetic Nanobody Libraries

Single domain antibodies from camelids, or nanobodies, are a unique class of antibody fragments with several advantageous characteristics: small monomeric size, high stability and solubility and easy tailoring for multiple applications. Nanobodies are gaining increasing acceptance as diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic agents in cancer and other diseases. While most nanobodies are obtained from immunized animals of the camelid family, a few synthetic nanobody libraries constructed in recent years have shown the capability of generating high quality nanobodies in terms of affinity and stability. Since this synthetic approach has important advantages over the use of animals, the recent advances are indeed encouraging. Here we review over a dozen synthetic nanobody libraries reported so far and discuss the different approaches followed in their construction and validation, with an emphasis on framework and hypervariable loop design as critical issues defining their potential as high-class nanobody sources.     

Recent Advances in Divergent Synthetic Strategies for Indole-Based Natural Product Libraries

Considering the potential bioactivities of natural product and natural product-like compounds with highly complex and diverse structures, the screening of collections and small-molecule libraries for high-throughput screening (HTS) and high-content screening (HCS) has emerged as a powerful tool in the development of novel therapeutic agents. Herein, we review the recent advances in divergent synthetic approaches such as complexity-to-diversity (Ctd) and biomimetic strategies for the generation of structurally complex and diverse indole-based natural product and natural product-like small-molecule libraries.     

表面图案化磁性复合微球的原位制备与表征

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了丙烯酸(AA)含量不同的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物P(NIPAM-co-AA)微凝胶, 并以其作为微反应器, 通过原位外源沉积法制备了一系列微米级、表面具有图案化结构的SiO₂-Fe₃O₄-P(NIPAM-co-AA)磁性复合微球. 实验结果表明, 复合微球的表面结构与微凝胶的组成、Fe₃O₄和SiO₂的沉积量有关. 在微球表面进行修饰, 可得到表面带有氨基等官能基团的磁性复合材料. 将这种功能化磁性微球用于识别生物大分子并进一步用于生物医学领域具有重要的意义.     

模板法合成含镧的层状无机-有机纳米复合材料

以表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠为模板制备了含稀土元素La的无机-有机纳米复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、HRTEM、EDX等的表征，证明所得的稀土复合物为层状结构，且十二烷基磺酸钠与La的比例为1∶1。考察了反应温度、反应时间以及原料配比等对复合物结构的影响。     

模板法室温合成CdS纳米棒

模板法室温合成CdS纳米棒;模板法;硫化镉;一维CdS纳米材料