Density effects of heavy-ion stopping power in high temperature matter

Abstract

The stopping power and range for Xe ions in high temperature matter (partially ionized plasmas) have been calculated using the dielectric response function method. Calculations have been made for a target matter Al (Z = 13) over a wide range of temperatures and densities considering a finite temperature model. The stopping powers obtained have smaller values in comparison with those of a zero temperature model. The stopping power strongly depends on the density and temperature of the target material, and the projectile ion energy.     

Bio‐Inspired Formal Synthesis of Hirsutellones A–C Featuring an Electrophilic Cyclization Triggered by Remote Lewis Acid‐Activation

A bio‐inspired strategy was used to complete the formal synthesis of the antitubercular hirsutellone B and congeners A and C, through construction of its decahydrofluorene core from a linear polyene strand activated at both ends by a silyl enol ether and an allyl acetate. Our synthesis features a key electrophilic cyclization, starting with the remote activation (by [Yb(OTf)₃] or BF₃ ? OEt₂) of the allyl acetate and stereoselectively affording the C ring. This was followed by an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction to get the tricyclic core of the natural product. The stereoselective reduction of the resulting ketone towards the formal intermediate was critical to the success of this strategy.     

碱金属盐催化1,2,4-三唑与α,β-不饱和酮及二酰亚胺的氮杂Michael反应

发展了一种高效的碱金属盐催化1,2,4-三唑与α,β-不饱和酮及α,β-不饱和二酰亚胺的氮杂Michael加成反应的新方法,以中等到优异的产率得到目标产物.该方法原料易得,底物普适性好,反应条件温和,易实现克级规模的制备.产物容易转化为相应的γ-氨基醇.     

Rapid Interception of CnF2n+1(O)SO. Radical with Copper-Based Carbene: A Novel Access to Perfluoroalkanesulfinate Ester

In this communication, an unprecedented interception of C_nF_2n+1(O)SO^. radical with a copper-based carbene has been established. Distinguished by wide substrate scopes and mild reaction conditions, this novel radical–carbene coupling reaction (RCC reaction) provides a fundamentally different and mechanistically interesting strategy for the synthesis of perfluoroalkanesulfinate esters.     

Reversible C=C Bond Activation by an Intramolecularly Coordinated Antimony(I) Compound

The reaction of N,C,N-chelated stibinidene ArSb ( 1 ) (Ar=C₆H₃-2,6-(CH=NtBu)₂) with selected N-alkyl/aryl-maleimides RN(C(O)CH)₂ (R=Me, tBu, Ph) gave the addition products with bridged bicyclic [2.2.1] structure containing an antimony atom at the bridgehead position, fused with a 6-membered benzene and a 5-membered N-alkyl/aryl-pyrrolidine ring. These compounds were completely characterized. More importantly, additional studies showed that these reactions are reversible in solution, thereby representing an unprecedented reversible activation of a C=C bond by an antimony(I) compound.     

Aminomethyl Transfer (Mannich) Reactions Between an O-Triethylsilylated Hemiaminal and Anilines,RnC6H5−nNH2 Leading to New Diamines,Triamines, Imines,or 1,3,5-Triazines Dependent upon Substituent R

The reactions of the Mannich reagent Et₃SiOCH₂NMe₂ ( 1 ) with a variety of anilines (mono-substituted RC₆H₄NH₂, R=H, 4-CN, 4-NO₂, 4-Ph, 4-Me, 4-MeO, 4-Me₂N; di-substituted R₂C₆H₃NH₂, R₂=3,5-(CH₃)₂, 3,5-(CF₃)₂; tri-substituted R₃C₆H₂NH₂, R₃=3,5-Me₂-4-Br and a “super bulky” aniline (Ar*NH₂) [Ar*=2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-tert-butylphenyl]) led to the formation of a range of products dependent upon the substituent. With electron-withdrawing substituents, previously unknown diamines, RC₆H₄NH(CH₂NMe₂) [R=CN ( 2 a ), NO₂ ( 2 b )] and R₂C₆H₃NH(CH₂NMe₂) [R₂=3,5-(CF₃)₂ ( 2 c) ] were formed. Further reaction of 2 a , b , c with 1 yielded the corresponding triamines RC₆H₄N(CH₂NMe₂)₂ (R=CN ( 3 a ), NO₂ ( 3 b ) and R₂C₆H₃N(CH₂NMe₂)₂, R₂=3,5-(CF₃)₂ ( 3 c ). The new polyamines were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and for 2 a , 2 c _, and 3 c , by single crystal XRD. In the case of electron-donating groups, R=4-OMe, 4-NMe₂, 4-Me, 3,5-Me₂, 3,5-Me₂-4-Br, and for R=4-Ph, the reactions with 1 immediately led to the formation of the related 1,3,5-triazines, R=4-MeO ( 5 a ), 4-Me₂N ( 5 b ), 4-Me ( 5 c ), 3,5-Me₂ ( 5 d ), 3,5-Me₂-4-Br ( 5 e ), 4-Ph ( 5 f ), 4-Cl ( 5 g ). The “super bulky” aniline rapidly produced a single product, namely the corresponding imine Ar*N=CH₂ ( 4 ) which was also characterized by single crystal XRD. Imine 4 is both thermally and oxidatively stable. All reactions are very fast, thus based upon the presence of Si we are tempted to denote the reactions of 1 as examples of “Silick” chemistry.     

Dearomatizing and Derivatizing a Mesityl Group on Boron by One-Pot Photoisomerization and [4+2] Diels–Alder Addition

Boron compounds having a conjugated chelate backbone (N,C-chelate or C,C-chelate) and two mesityl substituents on boron have been found to undergo a facile one-pot transformation/reaction with dienophiles, which leads to the dearomatization of one mesityl ring and its [4+2] Diels–Alder addition with the dienophile. Photochemical activation is the key in this transformation of the aryl ring.     

Reaction of Ni2+ and SnS as a Way to Form Ni@SnS and Sn2Ni3S2 Nanocrystals: Control of Product Formation and Shape

Reductive diffusion of Ni²⁺ into SnS particles was shown to selectively form Sn₂Ni₃S₂, hybrid, or even core‐shell Ni@SnS, Ni_1.523Sn, and Ni₃S₂, by tuning the reaction conditions at low temperatures. The mechanism of Ni²⁺ reduction and diffusion into SnS was observed in ethylene glycol, which served both as solvent and reducing agent. Tuning of reaction temperature and duration, morphology of the template SnS, and the application of ethylenediamine as supporting chelating agent, influence the formation of the final products. Their formation was controlled by carefully adjusting redox and equilibrium reactions. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX).