Glyphosate–Exonuclease Interactions: Reduced Enzymatic Activity as a Route to Glyphosate Biosensing

N-phosphonomethyle-glycine (glyphosate) is the most widely used pesticide worldwide due to its effectiveness in killing weeds at a moderate cost, bringing significant economic benefits. However, owing to its massive use, glyphosate and its residues contaminate surface waters. On site, fast monitoring of contamination is therefore urgently needed to alert local authorities and raise population awareness. Here the hindrance of the activity of two enzymes, the exonuclease I (Exo I) and the T5 exonuclease (T5 Exo) by glyphosate, is reported. These two enzymes digest oligonucleotides into shorter sequences, down to single nucleotides. The presence of glyphosate in the reaction medium hampers the activity of both enzymes, slowing down enzymatic digestion. It is shown by fluorescence spectroscopy that the inhibition of ExoI enzymatic activity is specific to glyphosate, paving the way for the development of a biosensor to detect this pollutant in drinking water at suitable detection limits, i.e., 0.6 nm .     

A Conjugated Copolymer Bearing Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquid:Electrochemical Synthesis and Electrochromic Properties

An imidazolium-based ionic liquid(IL) modified triphenylamine derivative,namely 1-(4-((4-(diphenylamino)benzoyl) oxy)butyl)-3-methyl imidazole tetrafluoroborate(TPAC_6 IL-BF_4),was designed and synthesized,and further applied with 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene(EDOT)to prepare conjugated copolymer P(EDOT:TPAC_6 IL-BF_4) via electrochemical polymerization.The cyclic voltammetry curves show that the copolymer P(EDOT:TPAC_6 IL-BF_4) possesses two pairs of redox peaks,which should be ascribed to the redox behaviors of EDOT and triphenylamine.The ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) absorption spectrum of P(EDOT:TPAC_6 IL-BF_4) exhibits one maximum absorption peak at 580 nm and a small shoulder characteristic peak at 385 nm under neutral state which are assigned to π-π~* conjugated structure of EDOT and triphenylamine.After being applied at the positive voltage,the copolymer color changes from dark blue to light blue,which is close to the color of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).Surprisingly,the copolymer P(EDOT:TPAC_6 IL-BF_4) shows shorter switching time of 0.37 s,0.30 s at 580 nm and 0.38 s,0.45 s at 1100 nm compared with PEDOT.It is more intriguing that the copolymer P(EDOT:TPAC_6 IL-BF_4) exhibits electrochromism even in free supporting electrolyte.The results confirm that the existence of imidazolium-based ionic liquid has an improvement on the ion diffusion properties and the switching time of conjugated polymer,which may provide a potential direction for the preparation of high-performance electrochromic materials.     

波长校准用低压石英汞灯驱动电源的研制

研制波长校准用低压石英汞灯电源,用于驱动汞灯起辉并维持稳态发光。电路由EMI滤波电路、桥式整流电路、LCC半桥谐振逆变电路、控制电路和保护电路5部分组成。采用系统建模与仿真验证电路的可行性并计算电路参数理论值,利用示波器和功率表验证电源输出参数,功率输出稳定性不大于0.03 W。根据紫外可见近红外分光光度计国防最高计量标准对研制的电源驱动汞灯的工作效果进行评价。结果表明,汞灯能够输出系列特征谱线,谱线相对强度稳定性不大于5.16%;汞灯工作3 h后,灯管外壳表面温度为43℃。该驱动电源的性能参数满足JJG112–2015《低压石英汞灯波长标准器检定规程》的要求。     

An Open‐Circuit Voltage and Power Conversion Efficiency Study of Fullerene Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Oligomer/Oligomer and Oligomer/Polymer

Variations in the open‐circuit voltage (V _oc) of ternary organic solar cells are systematically investigated. The initial study of these devices consists of two electron‐donating oligomers, S2 (two units) and S7 (seven units), and the electron‐accepting [6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) and reveals that the V _oc is continuously tunable due to the changing energy of the charge transfer state (E _ct) of the active layers. Further investigation suggests that V _oc is also continuously tunable upon change in E _ct in a ternary blend system that consists of S2 and its corresponding polymer (P11):PC₇₁BM. It is interesting to note that higher power conversion efficiencies can be obtained for both S2:S7:PC₇₁BM and S2:P11:PC₇₁BM ternary systems compared with their binary systems, which can be ascribed to an improved V _oc due to the higher E _ct and an improved fill factor due to the improved film morphology upon the incorporation of S2. These findings provide a new guideline for the future design of conjugated polymers for achieving higher performance of ternary organic solar cells.

     

Temperature-Responsive Electrocatalysis Based on Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Modified Graphene Oxide (PNIPAm-GO)

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-modified graphene oxide (PNIPAm-GO), which is a type of thermally responsive GO, was designed and synthesized through a covalent “grafting-from” strategy. The as-prepared modified nanosheets integrated the individual advantages of two components, such as the thermal sensitivity of the PNIPAm terminal as well as the conductivity and the open 2D structure of the GO substrate. PNIPAm-GO was able to perform the reversible regulation of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity in aqueous solution upon variations in the temperature. Such a unique property might also lead to the utilization of PNIPAm-GO as an intelligent electrode material to achieve a switchable electrochemical response toward a [Fe(CN)₆]^3−/4− probe. The PNIPAm-GO modified glassy carbon electrode (PNIPAm-GO/GC electrode) was able to exhibit better electrochemical performance in an ON/OFF switching effect than the PNIPAm-modified glassy carbon electrode (PNIPAm/GC electrode) without GO owing to the intrinsic properties and large surface area of the introduced GO. Moreover, it was found that the PNIPAm-GO/GC electrode also displayed excellent thermally responsive electrocatalysis toward the detection of 1,4-dihydro-β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and dopamine (DA), which resulted in two different catalytic statuses on the same electrode. This kind of switchable catalytic performance of the PNIPAm-GO/GC electrode might greatly enhance the flexibility of its application, and thus it is expected to have wide potential for applications in the fields of biosensors and biocatalysis.     

采用柱切换色谱-离子阱质谱联用法研究复方丹参滴丸中丹参素及其代谢产物

采用柱切换高效液相色谱技术对人血清中的丹参素及其代谢产物进行富集和分离,利用对电喷雾离子阱多级质谱负离子模式进行结构分析。一级流动相为甲醇-水(30：70,V/V),流速0．8mL／min;二级流动相为甲醇-水-甲酸铵(15：85：0．5,V/V/V),流速0．2mL／min;在人血清中检测到丹参素及其代谢产物,并探讨了主要代谢产物乙酰化的丹参素(m/z 240．2)。建立一种复方丹参滴丸中丹参素及其代谢产物在人体内代谢过程的高效分析方法。该方法可用于复方丹参滴丸中丹参素及与其结构类似的其它药物的体内代谢研究。     

阀切换在化肥分析专用多通道全自动气相色谱仪中的应用

阐述了阀切换在化肥专用多通道气相色谱仪中的原理、硬件、软件、流程和色谱图。现场使用表明,利用微机控制阀切换进行多点采样进样分析,能减少手动进样与人工处理数据的误差。     

压电石英晶体在电解质水溶液中的振荡性能研究(Ⅱ)——频率、频移特性

根据两面电极浸入液体中的压电晶体等效电路模型和Pierce振荡器振荡方程的解,得到晶体在电解质溶液中的振荡频率(F_1)与溶液电导率(x)的关系式:F_1=(1/2π)(1/C_1+1/C_2)(1/X_e)[(R_e~2+X_e~2)x~2+2R_ex+1]。以自行设计的Pierce晶体振荡器。研究了晶体和主振电路参数、输入电压及检测池外壳屏蔽接地对AT切9MHz石英晶体在KCl、Na_2SO_4水溶液中的频率、相对于纯水频移随溶液电导率变化的影响规律,结果与上式相符。     

The redox of hydroxyl-assisted metallic filament induced resistive switching memory based on a biomaterial-constructed sustainable and environment-friendly device

Using biomaterial-constructed resistive switching memory devices has attracted great attention for the potential application in advanced electronic components because of their variety of advantages, such as low cost, sustainability, environment-friendly, and so on. In this work, after a series of treatments, an edible mushroom as an intermediate insulating material was assembled into an Ag/biofilm/metal structure, in which the metals such as Al, Cu, Ag, and Ti were chosen as the bottom electrode to explore in-depth physical mechanisms. The transmission mechanism of resistive switching memory behavior in an Ag/biofilm/metal device was studied in detail. It was found that the redox of hydroxyl-assisted Ag filaments could be easily formed on an inactive metal bottom electrode through the mushroom film by redox reaction under applied voltage. This work provides an ingenious potential application in wearable, flexible, sustainable, and environment-friendly biologically resistive random-access memories.     

化学模拟在反应堆水化学课程中的应用

高温高压化学反应对反应堆设备的可靠性、反应堆性能的控制、核电站运行的安全持久性等具有重要影响,但相关实验难以在高校教学中开展。借助PHREEQC程序及最新热力学数据,建立了反应堆一回路硼酸-氢氧化锂添加配比、腐蚀沉淀物产生及二回路pH控制方案的化学反应模型。运用化学模拟来教学,促进了学生对所学知识的理解与掌握,丰富了现代教学方法。相关模型对核电企业的培训也具有一定参考价值。