全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2491篇 |
免费 | 332篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 10篇 |
力学 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 15篇 |
数学 | 624篇 |
物理学 | 156篇 |
无线电 | 2027篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 76篇 |
2022年 | 89篇 |
2021年 | 79篇 |
2020年 | 98篇 |
2019年 | 94篇 |
2018年 | 75篇 |
2017年 | 120篇 |
2016年 | 114篇 |
2015年 | 128篇 |
2014年 | 235篇 |
2013年 | 177篇 |
2012年 | 192篇 |
2011年 | 166篇 |
2010年 | 159篇 |
2009年 | 144篇 |
2008年 | 133篇 |
2007年 | 139篇 |
2006年 | 112篇 |
2005年 | 78篇 |
2004年 | 50篇 |
2003年 | 69篇 |
2002年 | 60篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2836条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
Probabilistic programming is an area of research that aims to develop general inference algorithms for probabilistic models expressed as probabilistic programs whose execution corresponds to inferring the parameters of those models. In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic programming language (PPL) based on abductive logic programming for performing inference in probabilistic models involving categorical distributions with Dirichlet priors. We encode these models as abductive logic programs enriched with probabilistic definitions and queries, and show how to execute and compile them to boolean formulas. Using the latter, we perform generalized inference using one of two proposed Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithms: an adaptation of uncollapsed Gibbs sampling from related work and a novel collapsed Gibbs sampling (CGS). We show that CGS converges faster than the uncollapsed version on a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) task using synthetic data. On similar data, we compare our PPL with LDA-specific algorithms and other PPLs. We find that all methods, except one, perform similarly and that the more expressive the PPL, the slower it is. We illustrate applications of our PPL on real data in two variants of LDA models (Seed and Cluster LDA), and in the repeated insertion model (RIM). In the latter, our PPL yields similar conclusions to inference with EM for Mallows models. 相似文献
42.
We examine the resource allocation problem of partitioning identical servers into two parallel pooling centers, and simultaneously
assigning job types to pooling centers. Each job type has a distinct Poisson arrival rate and a distinct holding cost per
unit time. Each pooling center becomes a queueing system with an exponential service time distribution. The goal is to minimize
the total holding cost. The problem is shown to be polynomial if a job type can be divided between the pooling centers, and
NP-hard if dividing job types is not possible. When there are two servers and jobs cannot be divided, we demonstrate that
the two pooling center configuration is rarely optimal. A heuristic which checks the single pooling center has an upper bound
on the relative error of 4/3. The heuristic is extended for the multiple server problem, where relative error is bounded above
by the number of servers.
相似文献
43.
Estimating market shares in each market segment using the information entropy concept 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sales data of a certain product for the various competitors are usually available at the aggregate level. However these data give no clue to the heterogeneities in the sales pattern across different market segments. Heterogeneities are caused by different purchasing behavior in each market segment; as a purchaser in a segment will be attracted to the attributes of the product most important to that segment. This concept can be formalized via a simple attraction model that utilizes an elasticity measure for each quality or price attribute [G.S. Carpenter, L.G. Cooper, D.M. Hanssens, D.F. Midgley, Modeling asymmetric competition, Marketing Science 7 (4) (1998) 393–412]. Assessment of these elasticities is not difficult since customer response – in each market segment – to perception of quality and price is tracked by most firms [J. Ross, D. Georgoff, A survey of productive and quality issues in manufacturing. The state of the industry, Industrial Management 3 (5) (1991) 22–25]. This paper attempts to formulate a generic framework based on the information entropy concept that utilizes such an attraction model to estimate competitors’ sales in each market segment. 相似文献
44.
Robert S. Maier 《Random Structures and Algorithms》1991,2(4):379-420
We analyze the performance of a prototypical scheme for shared storage allocation: two initially empty stacks evolving in a contiguous block of memory of size m. We treat the case in which the stacks are more likely to shrink than grow, but with the probabilities of insertion and deletion allowed to depend arbitrarily on stack height as a fraction of m. New results are obtained on the m → ∞ asymptotics of the stack collision time, and of the final stack heights. The results of Wentzell and Freidlin on the large deviations of Markov chains are used, and the relation of their formalism to the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics is emphasized. Certain results on higher-order asymptotics follow from WKB expansions. 相似文献
45.
通过分析供应商企业内部生产状况对订单执行的影响,提出一种基于供应商生产负荷率均衡准则的订单分配方法,以生产负荷率来表征供应商企业的生产负荷状况,建立了以生产负荷均衡为目标的订单分配优化模型,并根据适应度值自适应改变交叉算子与变异算子的遗传算法进行求解.仿真计算结果表明:提出的模型和算法能获得满意的解;基于生产负荷均衡化的订单分配策略将促使产业集群内相关成员企业之间,以及同一个企业在不同时间段之间生产负荷的均衡化,有利于供应商群体的持续发展,对产业集群内部制造资源的合理配置有重要意义. 相似文献
46.
Existing risk capital allocation methods, such as the Euler rule, work under the explicit assumption that portfolios are formed as linear combinations of random loss/profit variables, with the firm being able to choose the portfolio weights. This assumption is unrealistic in an insurance context, where arbitrary scaling of risks is generally not possible. Here, we model risks as being partially generated by Lévy processes, capturing the non-linear aggregation of risk. The model leads to non-homogeneous fuzzy games, for which the Euler rule is not applicable. For such games, we seek capital allocations that are in the core, that is, do not provide incentives for splitting portfolios. We show that the Euler rule of an auxiliary linearised fuzzy game (non-uniquely) satisfies the core property and, thus, provides a plausible and easily implemented capital allocation. In contrast, the Aumann–Shapley allocation does not generally belong to the core. For the non-homogeneous fuzzy games studied, Tasche’s (1999) criterion of suitability for performance measurement is adapted and it is shown that the proposed allocation method gives appropriate signals for improving the portfolio underwriting profit. 相似文献
47.
Simulation optimization of buffer allocations in production lines with unreliable machines 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gül Gürkan 《Annals of Operations Research》2000,93(1-4):177-216
We use a recent simulationbased optimization method, sample path optimization, to find optimal buffer allocations in tandem production lines where machines are subject to random breakdowns and repairs, and the product is fluidtype. We explore some of the functional properties of throughput of such systems and exploit these properties to prove the almost sure convergence of our optimization technique, under a regularity condition on the steady state. Utilizing a generalized semiMarkov process (GSMP) representation of the system, we derive recursive expressions to compute onesided directional derivatives of throughput, from a single simulation run. Finally, we give computational results for lines with up to 50 machines. We also compare results for smaller lines with the results from a more conventional method, stochastic approximation, whenever applicable. In these numerical studies, our method performed quite well on problems that are considered difficult by current computational standards. 相似文献
48.
49.
Liya Liu Xiaolong Qin Jen‐Chih Yao 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2019,42(18):7367-7380
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a hybrid descent algorithm for finding a common point in fixed‐point sets of quasi‐nonexpansive mappings and solution sets of variational inequality problems. In the framework of Hilbert spaces, the strong convergence of the hybrid descent algorithm is established. Numerical experiments for the bandwidth allocation, which demonstrate the effectiveness, performance, and convergence of the proposed algorithm, are provided. 相似文献
50.
Ali Pourmiri 《Random Structures and Algorithms》2019,55(4):980-1009
We propose algorithms for allocating n sequential balls into n bins that are interconnected as a d‐regular n‐vertex graph G, where d ≥ 3 can be any integer. In general, the algorithms proceeds in n succeeding rounds. Let ? > 0 be an integer, which is given as an input to the algorithms. In each round, ball 1 ≤ t ≤ n picks a node of G uniformly at random and performs a nonbacktracking random walk of length ? from the chosen node and simultaneously collects the load information of a subset of the visited nodes. It then allocates itself to one of them with the minimum load (ties are broken uniformly at random). For graphs with sufficiently large girths, we obtain upper and lower bounds for the maximum number of balls at any bin after allocating all n balls in terms of ?, with high probability. 相似文献