基于多特征相关滤波的红外目标跟踪

为实现在复杂背景和多干扰条件下红外目标的稳 定跟踪,提出一种基于多特征相关滤波的红外目标 跟踪算法。首先综合考虑生物视觉关注特性及目标运动特性,提取目标区域的空间特征和 运动特征,进而融合一种改进的卷积特征,生成多特征权值函数;然后在传统 相关滤波的基础上,引入多特 征权值函数用以表征不同候选区域的重要程度,形成权值相关滤波的红外目标跟踪框架;最 终得到能够表 征目标位置的置信图,从而完成红外目标的鲁棒跟踪。在6组不同条件下红外视频序列上的 实验结果表明, 和经典目标跟踪算法相比,本文方法在复杂背景下的平均跟踪成功率提升15%左右,能够有 效应对相似虚 假目标、遮挡、背景辐射强度变化和探测器晃动等不良因素的影响,适用于复杂背景条件下 的红外目标跟踪。     

计算传输线平均耦合截面积的一种高效全波方法

在功率平衡法的网络化公式应用中,精确预知腔内装载物的耦合截面积是关键,这通常依赖于混响室的实验测定.文中使用平面波角谱概念和蒙特卡罗方法来数值模拟混响室中的电磁环境,在此基础上,首次应用基于互易定理的快速全波分析方法提取了理想混响室内靠近理想导电地平面的多导体传输线的平均耦合截面积,验证了方法的正确性,并计算了单根裸线传输线、带包层传输线、双绞传输线、传输线附近有导体挡板以及多导体传输线端口的平均耦合截面积.该方法具有计算精度高、仿真速度快、适用范围广的特点.     

低剖面双频双圆极化平板缝隙天线的设计

提出一种新型双频(Ku/Ka)双圆极化平板缝隙天线.三层平行平板构成双层的径向波导,缝隙对螺旋排布于最上层平板,低频与高频缝隙对分别逆时针和顺时针排布,对应实现右旋圆和左旋圆极化辐射.低频与高频段分别采用单根探针与多根探针的馈电形式.在组成高频径向波导的平板外围加上一圈金属通孔使低频馈电端口易于阻抗匹配.仿真结果表明:该新型双频天线在Ku和Ka频段最高的辐射效率达到60.5％和55.7％,-1 dB增益带宽分别为8.3％和6.2％,具有较宽的轴比带宽以及较高的端口隔离度,该天线具有很好的工程应用价值.     

基于TDLAS技术的空气气压精确测量

基于可调谐激光二极管吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术,通 过测量水汽吸收线的展宽,实现了气体压力的精确测量。实验中光源被 分为两束,一束通过压力可调的样品池获得吸收光谱数据,另一束通过FP标准具用以波 长定标。选取 水汽在7243cm－1附近的两条吸收线, 利用测得的10～20kPa之间的水汽吸收线压力展宽值对 HITRAN数据库中的空气展宽系数进行校正。实时测量了参考气压值从30～100kPa时的 水汽吸收线压力展宽,计算得到气压值并与参考气压进行比较,不同参考压力下利用水汽7243.075cm－1 和7242.370cm－1处吸收峰计算结果与参考气压值的偏差分别分布于0.9%附近和2.0%附近,两条吸收谱线 测量结果波动均小于0.2%。实验测量结果与参考值几乎一致,且同一条件不同次测量结果波 动较小,证明了TDLAS技术应用于实时环境气压精确快速测量的可行性。     

THE STUDY OF 2-CHLORO-5,5-DIMETHYL-2-OXO-1,3,2-DIOXAPHOSPHORINANE IN SOLUTIONS BY MOLECULAR DYNAMICS METHODS USING IR AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Abstract

2-Chloro-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane has been studied in CCl₄, CHCl₃ and CD₃CN solutions by IR and Raman line shape analysis. Equilibrium process of dimerization and ring conversion in CCl₄ solutions have been considered. On the contrary to the commonly expected dominance of the conformer with the equatorial oriented P[dbnd]O bond for 2-halo-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes, it was found that for the 2-chloro derivative both conformers are nearly equally distributed. It has been shown that the interactions induced absorption is an important mechanism of relaxation in the studied compound and this mechanism gives significant contribution to the total IR band broadening, while the interaction induced light scattering is negligible. The obtained results show that the molecular dynamics method can be useful in studying cyclic compounds in solutions.     

Kinetic Study of Radical Polymerization VIII. A Comprehensive Study of Solution Copolymerization of Vinyl Acetate and Methyl Acrylate by 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy

Radical copolymerization reaction of vinyl acetate (VA) and methyl acrylate (MA) was performed in a solution of benzene‐d₆ using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the initiator at 60°C. Kinetic studies of this copolymerization reaction were investigated by on‐line ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. Individual monomer conversions vs. reaction time, which was followed by this technique, were used to calculate the overall monomer conversion, as well as the monomer mixture and the copolymer compositions as a function of time. Monomer reactivity ratios were calculated by various linear and nonlinear terminal models and also by simplified penultimate model with r _2(VA)=0 at low and medium/high conversions. Overall rate coefficient of copolymerization was calculated from the overall monomer conversion vs. time data and k _p  . k _t ^?0.5 was then estimated. It was observed that k _p  . k _t ^?0.5 increases with increasing the mole fraction of MA in the initial feed, indicating the increase in the polymerization rate with increasing MA concentration in the initial monomer mixture. The effect of mole fraction of MA in the initial monomer mixture on the drifts in the monomer mixture and copolymer compositions with reaction progress was also evaluated experimentally and theoretically.     

An on‐line sample pretreatment technique for the HPLC analysis of plant samples

A continuous‐flow, on‐line sample pretreatment technique using a silica gel microsyringe extractor has been developed. All steps including extraction, separation, clean‐up, and concentration occur in the microsyringe. The overall sample pretreatment process takes <10 min per sample. Different polarity chemicals in the plant sample are successively extracted and separated, and analyzed in parallel using HPLC–UV and HPLC–UV–MS/MS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, and plant hormones were determined as model compounds for nonpolar, intermediate polarity, and polar fractions, respectively. All the parameters that influence the extraction and separation efficiency of the microsyringe extractor have been optimized and evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, recoveries of target compounds ranged from 78.4 to 101.9%, the RSD was <12.8% and the square of the correlation coefficient was >0.99. Complex plant samples of Sambucus Mandshurica Kitag have been tested using this method. Fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and plant hormones were detected in all the samples, and concentrations ranged from 24.2–34.9, 43.8–67.1, 25.9–29.2, and 14.5～110.8 ng/g, respectively.     

The number of spanning trees in an (r,s)‐semiregular graph and its line graph

For a graph G, a “spanning tree” in G is a tree that has the same vertex set as G. The number of spanning trees in a graph (network) G, denoted by t(G), is an important invariant of the graph (network) with lots of decisive applications in many disciplines. In the article by Sato (Discrete Math. 2007, 307, 237), the number of spanning trees in an (r, s)‐semiregular graph and its line graph are obtained. In this article, we give short proofs for the formulas without using zeta functions. Furthermore, by applying the formula that enumerates the number of spanning trees in the line graph of an (r, s)‐semiregular graph, we give a new proof of Cayley's Theorem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Combined use of three forms of chiroptical spectroscopies in the study of the absolute configuration and conformational properties of 3-phenylcyclopentanone, 3-phenylcyclohexanone,and 3-phenylcycloheptanone

Three forms of chiroptical spectroscopies, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) have been employed to study the configuration and conformational properties of the three molecules: (S)-3-phenylcyclopentanone, (S)-3-phenylcyclohexanone, and (S)-3-phenylcycloheptanone (including (S)-3-phenylcyclopentanone-2,2,5,5-d₄ and (S)-3-phenylcyclohexanone-2,2,6,6-d₄). ECD and VCD spectra in the mid-IR for the three molecular systems are marginally dependent on fine conformational details, as interpreted in terms of standard DFT computational methods, with common spectroscopic features to the three systems clearly identified. Accounting for vibronic coupling mechanisms reproduces the structuring of ECD n→π^∗ band. The ORD curves are quite similar for the three types of molecules, but their interpretation highlights a crucial role played by conformations of the cycloalkanone ring in the case of (S)-3-phenylcycloheptanone. The same conclusions are reached by considering the VCD spectra in the CH-stretching region.     

Determination of UV filters in river water samples by in‐line SPE‐CE‐MS

The use of SPE coupled in‐line to CE using electrospray MS detection (in‐line SPE‐CE‐ESI‐MS) was investigated for the preconcentration and separation of four UV filters: benzophenone‐3, 2,2‐dihydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone, 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone and 2‐phenylbenzimidazole‐5‐sulphonic acid. First, a CE‐ESI‐MS method was developed and validated using standard samples, obtaining LODs between 0.06 μg/mL and 0.40 μg/mL. For the in‐line SPE‐CE‐ESI‐MS method, three different sorbents were evaluated and compared: Oasis HLB, Oasis MCX, and Oasis MAX. For each sorbent, the main parameters affecting the preconcentration performance, such as sample pH, volume, and composition of the elution plug, and sample injection time were studied. The Oasis MCX sorbent showed the best performance and was used to validate the in‐line SPE‐CE‐ESI‐MS methodology. The LODs reached for standard samples were in the range between 0.01 and 0.05 ng/mL with good reproducibility and the developed strategy provided sensitivity enhancement factors between 3400‐fold and 34 000‐fold. The applicability of the developed methodology was demonstrated by the analysis of UV filters in river water samples.